Differential vane vehicle control
A ducted fan air-vehicle capable of generating control moments. The ducted fan air-vehicle includes an air duct, a fan, a center body, a plurality of control vanes. The vanes are independently controlled and are deflected in the same direction but at different angles, thereby providing an increased control moments to the vehicle compared to the prior art. The increased pitching moment allows for additional control authority. Additional control authority is useful in forward flight and is especially desirable when the ducted fan air-vehicle is maneuvering in unsteady or turbulent winds or with various types of cargo that may effect the vehicle center of gravity location.
1. A ducted fan air-vehicle comprising:
an air duct;
a fan located within the air duct;
a center body attached to the air duct and the fan;
a plurality of groups of adjacent control vanes located within or downstream from the air duct, each group comprises at least two vanes; and
a control device configured to control each vane,
wherein the vanes of at least one of the groups of adjacent control vanes are deflected in the same direction, a first vane of the group deflected at a first angle of attack (AOA) and a second vane of the pair deflected at a second AOA different from the first AOA and exceeding a tandem threshold angle;
wherein the first AOA is selected to allow the second AOA to exceed the tandem threshold angle without generating a stall condition;
wherein the tandem threshold angle is an angle at which a stall condition occurs if exceeded by all vanes of a group operating at approximately a same AOA.
2. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the position of the first vane is configured to maintain airflow around the second vane in order to avoid a stall condition.
3. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the first vane and the second vane are deflected so that the first AOA differs from the second AOA by at least 10 degrees.
4. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the control device comprises at least one look up table comprising at least one of pitching moment values or thrust values associated with a plurality of AOAs.
5. The vehicle of claim 4 , wherein the control device is configured to determine values for the first AOA and the second AOA based on the values in the look up table and a desired pitching moment.
6. The vehicle of claim 5 , wherein the control device comprises a plurality of servo devices configured to independently control each vane.
7. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the groups comprises more than two adjacent control vanes.
8. The vehicle of claim 1 , wherein the control device comprises mechanical linkage device coupled to adjacent vanes, the mechanical linkage device configured to control position of the vanes.
9. A method for controlling a ducted fan air-vehicle, the method comprising:
in a first operational mode, deflecting first and second vanes of a group of at least two adjacent vanes at a first AOA in the same direction to generate a pitching moment,
wherein the first AOA can be adjusted up to a tandem threshold angle,
wherein the tandem threshold angle is an angle at which a stall condition occurs if exceeded by all vanes of a group operating at approximately a same AOA;
in a second operational mode, deflecting the first vane at a second AOA and the second vane at a third AOA in the same direction, wherein the second and third AOA are different,
wherein the second AOA is selected to allow the third AOA to exceed the tandem threshold angle.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising determining the first AOAs in both operational modes based on data from a look up table and a desired pitching moment.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising applying the operational modes to more than one group of adjacent vanes on the ducted fan air-vehicle to generate a desired pitching moment.
12. A ducted fan air-vehicle comprising:
an air duct;
a fan located within the air duct;
a center body attached to the air duct and the fan;
a plurality of groups of adjacent control vanes located within or downstream from the air duct, each group comprises at least two vanes; and
a control device configured to control each vane,
wherein the vanes of at least one of the groups of adjacent control vanes are nonuniformly deflected while exposed to uniform airflow,
wherein uniform airflow describes airflow at the vanes at approximately a same angle and velocity;
wherein the vanes are deflected in the same direction with a first vane of the group deflected at a first angle of attack (AOA) and a second vane of the pair deflected at a second AOA different from the first;
wherein the first AOA is selected to allow the second AOA to exceed the tandem threshold angle without generating a stall condition;
wherein the tandem threshold angle is an angle at which a stall condition occurs if exceeded by all vanes of a group operating at approximately a same AOA.
13. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the control device comprises at least one look up table comprising at least one of pitching moment values or thrust values associated with a plurality of AOAs.
14. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the control device is configured to determine values for the first AOA and the second AOA based on the values in the look up table and a desired pitching moment.
15. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein at least one of the groups comprises more than two adjacent control vanes.
16. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the control device comprises a plurality of servo devices configured to independently control each vane.
17. The vehicle of claim 12 , wherein the control device comprises a mechanical linkage device coupled to adjacent vanes, the mechanical linkage device configured to control the relative position of the adjacent vanes.