RFID tag movement determination
A system, techniques, and apparatus for determining RFID tag movement are disclosed. The system includes an RFID reader that is configured to detect an RFID tag's motion by comparing backscattered signals received from the tag. The system can also generate and filter alerts according to pre-defined business rules based on the detection.
1. A method of detecting movement of a RFID tag comprising:
transmitting a plurality of RF signals from at least one RFID reader to the RFID tag;
receiving at least two modulated backscattered signals from the tag in response to the transmission of signals;
comparing the at least two backscattered signals to one another;
detecting movement of the RFID tag based on the comparison;
calculating a velocity of the tag based on the detected movement;
based on the calculated velocity, querying the tag to determine whether an item has been purchased; and
generating an alert based on the calculated velocity of the tag and the determination of whether an item has been purchased.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising singulating the RFID tag prior to comparing the at least two modulated backscattered signals.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein comparing the at least two back scattered signals comprises:
calculating a return signal strength indicator (RSSI) for each of the backscattered signals;
comparing the RSSI of each backscattered signal to one another; and
detecting movement of the RFID tag if the RSSI calculated for each backscattered signal differ from one another.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein comparing the at least two backscattered signals comprises:
calculating a return signal phase angle for each of the backscattered signals;
comparing the phase angle of each backscattered signal to one another; and
detecting movement of the RFID tag if the phase angle calculated for each backscattered signal differ from one another; and
wherein calculating the phase angle comprises calculating an in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signal for each backscattered signals.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
receiving the at least two modulated backscattered signals on an antenna of the at least one RFID reader; and
calculating a velocity of the tag relative to the antenna.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising smoothing the at least two modulated backscattered signals.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising filtering the alert by interrogating a field of the tag.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein querying the tag comprises:
comparing the calculated velocity to a threshold to produce a comparison; and
determining whether to query the tag based on the comparison.
9. An RFID reader including at least one antenna, the RFID reader including a processor and memory including memory storing instructions that, in response to a request, cause the processor to: transmit a plurality of RF signals to an RFID tag through the at least one antenna, compare at least two backscattered signals from the tag to one another in response to transmission of signals through the antenna, detect movement of the RFID tag based on the comparison, calculate a velocity of the tag based on the detected movement, based on the calculated velocity, query the tag to determine whether an item has been purchased, and generate an alert based on the calculated velocity of the tag and the determination of whether an item has been purchased.
10. The RFID reader of claim 9 , wherein the memory stores instructions that, in response to receiving the request, cause the processor to singulate the RFID tag prior to comparing the at least two backscattered signals.
11. The RFID reader of claim 9 , wherein the memory stores instructions that, in response to receiving the request, cause the processor to:
calculate a return signal strength indicator (RSSI) for each of the backscattered signals;
compare the RSSI of each backscattered signal to one another; and
detect movement of the RFID tag if the RSSI calculated for each backscattered signal differ from one another.
12. The RFID reader of claim 9 , wherein the memory stores instructions that, in response to receiving the request, cause the processor to:
calculate a return signal phase angle for each of the backscattered signals;
compare the phase angle of each backscattered signal to one another; and
detect movement of the RFID tag if the phase angle calculated for each backscattered signal differ from one another; and
wherein calculation of the phase angle comprises calculation of an in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) signal for each backscattered signals.
13. The RFID reader of claim 9 , wherein the memory stores instructions that, in response to receiving the request, cause the processor to calculate a velocity of the tag relative to the antenna in response to receiving the at least two modulated backscattered signals on an antenna of the at least one RFID reader.
14. The RFID reader of claim 9 , wherein the memory stores instructions that, in response to receiving the request, cause the processor to smooth the at least two modulated backscattered signals.
15. The RFID reader of claim 9 , wherein the memory stores instructions that, in response to receiving the request, cause the processor to filter the alert by interrogating a field of the tag.
16. The RFID reader of claim 9 , wherein the memory stores instructions that cause the processor to query the tag by:
comparing the calculated velocity to a threshold to produce a comparison; and
determining whether to query the tag based on the comparison.
17. An RFID system comprising:
a plurality of RFID tags;
at least one RFID reader for communicating with the plurality of RFID tags, the at least one RFID reader configured to transmit a plurality of RF signals to one of the plurality of RFID tags, compare at least two backscattered signals received from the one of the plurality of tags to one another, detect movement of the one of the plurality of tags based on the comparison, calculate a velocity of the tag based on the detected movement, based on the calculated velocity, query the tag to determine whether an item has been purchased, and generate an alert based on the calculated velocity of the tag and the determination of whether an item has been purchased.
18. The RFID system of claim 17 , wherein the RFID reader calculates a return signal strength indicator (RSSI) for each of the backscattered signals, compares the RSSI of each backscattered signal to one another, and detects movement of the one of the plurality of RFID tags if the RSSI calculated for each backscattered signal differ from one another.
19. The RFID system of claim 17 , wherein the RFID reader is configured to query the tag by:
comparing the calculated velocity to a threshold to produce a comparison; and
determining whether to query the tag based on the comparison.