Surface-independent, surface-modifying, multifunctional coatings and application thereof
The present invention provides a surface-independent surface-modifying multifunctional biocoating and methods of application thereof. The method comprises contacting at least a portion of a substrate with an alkaline solution comprising a surface-modifying agent (SMA) such as dopamine so as to modify the substrate surface to include at least one reactive moiety. In another version of the invention, a secondary reactive moiety is applied to the SMA-treated substrate to yield a surface-modified substrate having a specific functionality.
1. A method of modifying a substrate surface, the method comprising contacting at least a portion of the substrate with an alkaline solution under oxidative conditions, the solution comprising a surface-modifying agent according to Formula I:
wherein each of R 1 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 is independently selected from the group consisting of a thiol, a primary amine, a secondary amine, a nitrile, an aldehyde, an imidazole, an azide, a halide, a hydrogen, a hydroxyl, a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde;
wherein R 2 is NH 2 ;
wherein x ranges from 0 to 10 and wherein y ranges from 0 to 10, provided that x or y is at least 1;
wherein the substrate surface is modified when the surface-modifying agent reacts to form a polymeric coat on the substrate surface.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein x and y are both 1, and wherein R 1 and R 4 form a double bond when eliminated.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein one of R 1 or R 4 is a halide, a hydroxyl or a thiol, and wherein one of R 3 or R 5 is a hydrogen atom.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein x is 1, y is 1, R 1 is a hydroxyl, and wherein each of R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen atoms.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein x and y are each 1 and wherein each of R 1 , R 3 , R 4 and R 5 are hydrogen atoms.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein x+y is at least 2.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein x+y is at least 3.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydroxyls of the phenyl moiety are positioned at the 3 and 4 positions of the phenyl group relative to the side chain.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the surface-modifying agent is selected from the group consisting of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the solution is aqueous.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein x+y ranges from 1 to 6.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oxidative conditions are spontaneous oxidative conditions.
13. A method of modifying a substrate surface, the method comprising contacting at least a portion of the substrate with an alkaline solution under oxidative conditions, the solution comprising a surface-modifying agent selected from the group consisting of 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (DOPA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine methyl ester, dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine;
wherein the substrate surface is modified.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the oxidative conditions are spontaneous oxidative conditions.