Light-induced directed self-assembly of periodic sub-wavelength nanostructures
In various exemplary embodiments, the present invention provides a system for the light-induced directed self-assembly (LIDSA) of periodic sub-wavelength nanostructures, including: a light source for delivering a beam of photons; a reaction chamber disposed adjacent to the light source; a gas including one or more precursor materials disposed within the reaction chamber; and a substrate disposed within the reaction chamber, wherein the substrate is positioned and configured to receive the beam of photons; wherein the beam of photons causes a periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure of one or more constituents of the one or more precursor materials to form on a surface of the substrate. In various exemplary embodiments, the present invention also provides an associated method.
1. A method for the light-induced directed self-assembly of periodic sub-wavelength nanostructures, comprising:
providing a light source for delivering a single beam of photons;
providing a reaction chamber disposed adjacent to the light source;
providing a gas comprising one or more precursor materials disposed within the reaction chamber; and
providing a substrate disposed within the reaction chamber, wherein the substrate is positioned and configured to receive the single beam of photons directed to the substrate from the light source;
wherein the single beam of photons causes a periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure of one or more constituents of the one or more precursor materials to form on a surface of the substrate within an area of exposure to the single beam of photons parallel to a laser polarization of the single beam of photons via a light-induced directed self-assembly mechanism prior to any translation of the light source or the substrate.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises one of a femtosecond and a picosecond pulsed laser.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a peak power of between about 10 GW/cm 2 and about 500 GW/cm 2 .
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the light source comprises a wavelength of between about 200 nm and about 800 nm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reaction chamber comprises a vacuum chamber.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the substrate comprises one of a metal, a semiconductor, and an insulator.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beam of photons interacts with the surface of the substrate on a spot having a diameter of between about 200 nm and about 1 mm.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the beam of photons interacts with the surface of the substrate for a period of time between about 0.1 sec and about 10 sec or at a scanning speed of about 0.1 μm/sec and about 100 μm/sec.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure comprises a feature size of λ/5 or smaller, wherein λ is the wavelength of the beam of photons.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising providing a translation stage coupled to one or more of the light source and the reaction chamber for selectively translating the substrate with respect to the beam of photons.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the periodic sub-wavelength nanostructure is used to form one of a polarizer, an integrated optical element, an optical interconnect, a tagging feature, a field enhancement structure, a patterned nano-catalyst, a nano-electrode, and a nano-magnet.