Grouped separation of actinides from a strongly acidic aqueous phase
The invention relates to a process for collectively separating all the actinides (III), (IV), (V) and (VI) present in a strongly acidic aqueous phase, from the fission products, and in particular from the lanthanides, which are also present in this phase, using two extractants that operate in unconnected chemical fields. Applications: reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels, especially to recover plutonium, neptunium, americium, curium and, possibly, uranium present in trace amounts, in a grouped manner but selectively with respect to the lanthanides, from a solution for dissolution of an irradiated nuclear fuel, downstream of a uranium extraction cycle.
1. A process for separating plutonium, neptunium, americium and curium in a grouped manner from a first acidic aqueous phase, the first acidic aqueous phase comprising 2 to 5 moles/L of nitric acid, the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium and fission products including lanthanides and yttrium, the process comprising:
(a) co-extracting at least the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium, the lanthanides, and the yttrium from the first acidic aqueous phase, by:
bringing the first acidic aqueous phase into contact with an immiscible organic phase, the organic phase comprising a first extractant and a second extractant, the first extractant being an extractant capable of extracting the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium, the lanthanides, and the yttrium from the first acidic aqueous phase, and the second extractant being a dialkylphosphorous-based acid capable of extracting the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium, the lanthanides, and the yttrium from a second acidic aqueous phase having a pH of 3; and
separating the first acidic aqueous acidic phase from the organic phase; and
(b) stripping the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium from the organic phase resulting from (a) without stripping the lanthanides and the yttrium, by:
bringing the organic phase into contact with the second acidic aqueous phase having a pH of 3, the second acidic aqueous phase comprising an aminopolyacetic acid for complexing the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium, a hydroxycarboxylic acid, a base and at least one reducing agent selected from the group consisting of a hydrazine, a hydroxylamine, an oxime and a hydroxyurea; and
separating the organic phase from the second acidic aqueous phase, thereby separating the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium from the lanthanides and the yttrium;
wherein
the first extractant is N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-dioctylhexylethoxymalonamide (DMDOHEMA), and
the second extractant is 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexylphosphonic acid (HDEHP).
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first acidic aqueous phase further comprises at least one complexing agent.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the complexing agent is selected from the group consisting of pyridine-polycarboxylic acids, aminopolycarboxylic acids, carboxylic acids, hydroxycarboxylic acids, hydrophilic polypyridines, dithiophosphonic acids, amines, polyazines grafted with C 1 -C 8 alkyl chains, hydroxyoximes, sulfonic acids, hydroxamic acids and β-diketones.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the first acidic aqueous phase further comprises at least one reducing agent.
5. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of hydrazine derivatives, hydroxylamine derivatives and ferrous sulfamate.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:
the aminopolyacetic acid is N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediaminetriacetic acid or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid; and
the hydroxycarboxylic acid is glycolic acid or citric acid.
7. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising stripping the lanthanides and the yttrium from the organic phase resulting from (b), by:
bringing the organic phase into contact with a third acidic aqueous phase having a molarity of from 0.1 to 1 or greater than or equal to 4; and
separating the organic phase from the third acidic aqueous phase.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:
(a) comprises co-extracting molybdenum, along with the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium, the lanthanides, and the yttrium, from the first acidic aqueous phase; and
the process further comprises, after (a) and before (b), stripping the molybdenum from the organic phase resulting from (a) without stripping the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium, the lanthanides, and the yttrium.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein:
(a) comprises co-extracting zirconium, along with the plutonium, the neptunium, the americium, the curium, the lanthanides, and the yttrium, from the first acidic aqueous phase; and
the process further comprises, after (b), stripping the zirconium from the organic phase resulting from (b).
10. The process according to claim 1 , further comprising purifying the immiscible organic phase resulting from (b).
11. A process for reprocessing an irradiated nuclear fuel, comprising the process according to claim 1 .
12. The process according to claim 11 , wherein reprocessing the irradiated nuclear fuel comprises recovering plutonium, neptunium, americium and curium, in a grouped manner but selectively with respect to the fission products, from a solution for dissolution of an irradiated nuclear fuel, downstream of a uranium extraction cycle.