Method of manufacturing toner and toner
A method of manufacturing toner including preparing a first liquid by dissolving or dispersing toner components including one or both of a binder resin and a precursor thereof in an organic solvent; preparing a second liquid by dispersing the first liquid in a first aqueous medium including a dispersant; producing primary particles by removing the organic solvent from the second liquid; washing the primary particles; preparing a third liquid by dispersing the washed primary particles in a second aqueous medium and heating the second aqueous medium while or after dispersing the washed primary particles therein; and producing toner particles by adding a charge controlling agent to the third liquid. This method satisfies the following inequation: 0.60≦ Sb/Sa ≦1.00 wherein Sa represents a BET specific surface area of the primary particles included in the third liquid and Sb represents that of the toner particles stored for 2 weeks at 40° C., 70% RH.
1. A method of manufacturing toner, comprising:
preparing a first liquid by dissolving or dispersing toner components in an organic solvent, the toner components comprising one or both of a binder resin and a precursor thereof;
preparing a second liquid by dispersing the first liquid in a first aqueous medium comprising a dispersant;
producing primary particles by removing the organic solvent from the second liquid;
washing the primary particles;
preparing a third liquid by dispersing the washed primary particles in a second aqueous medium and heating the second aqueous medium while or after dispersing the washed primary particles therein; and
producing toner particles by adding a charge controlling agent to the third liquid,
wherein the following inequation is satisfied:
0.60 ≦Sb/Sa≦ 1.00
wherein Sa represents a BET specific surface area of the primary particles in the third liquid and Sb represents a BET specific surface area of the toner particles stored for 2 weeks at 40° C., 70% RH.
2. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the second aqueous medium is heated at a temperature between 40 and 70° C. when preparing the third liquid.
3. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the binder resin comprises a polyester.
4. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the first liquid comprises a binder resin precursor which is a prepolymer, and the method further comprising reacting the prepolymer with a compound having an active hydrogen group while removing the organic solvent from the second liquid.
5. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 1 , further comprising mixing a fluidizer with the toner particles.
6. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the following inequation is satisfied: 0.80≦Sb/Sa=1.00.
7. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the charge controlling agent is a quaternary ammonium salt having a fluoro group.
8. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 7 , wherein the charge quaternary ammonium salt having a fluoro group is represented by the following formula (1):
wherein Rf represents a perfluoroalkyl group having 30-60 carbon atoms; X is —SO 2 —, —CO—, —(CH 2 ) x —, SO 2 N(R 5 )—(CH 2 ) x —, or —(CH 2 ) x —CH(OH)—(CH 2 ) x —, wherein x represents an integer of from 1 to 6 and R 5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms; each of R 1 to R 4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluoro group, or a hydrocarbon group; Y′ is a halide ion, a sulfate ion, a nitrate ion, a phosphate ion, or a thiocyanate ion; and m represents an integer of 1-20.
9. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 1 , comprising adding 0.1 to 10% by weight charge controlling agent, based on the amount of the binder resin and/or precursor thereof, to the third liquid.
10. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 7 , comprising adding 0.1 to 10% by weight charge controlling agent, based on the amount of the binder resin and/or precursor thereof, to the third liquid.
11. The method of manufacturing toner according to claim 8 , comprising adding 0.1 to 10% by weight charge controlling agent, based on the amount of the binder resin and/or precursor thereof, to the third liquid.