Electrostatic electroacoustic transducers
An electrostatic electroacoustic device comprising a first electrode configured to receive an audio signal, a second electrode configured to receive the audio signal, a first electret between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electret including at least one dielectric layer containing electrostatic charges, a second electret between the first electrode and the second electrode, the second electret including at least one dielectric layer containing electrostatic charges, and a conductive layer sandwiched between the first electret and the second electret, the conductive layer, the first electret and the second electret being capable of vibratory motion relative to the first electrode and the second electrode based on the audio signal.
1. An electrostatic electroacoustic device comprising:
a first electrode, comprising a plurality of first electrode sections which are physically separated from each other, configured to receive an audio signal;
a second electrode, comprising a plurality of second electrode sections which are physically separated from each other, configured to receive the audio signal;
a first electret between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electret including at least one dielectric layer containing electrostatic charges;
a second electret between the first electrode and the second electrode, the second electret including at least one dielectric layer containing electrostatic charges, wherein the first and second electrets are charged with different electrical polarity;
a plurality of first spacers, wherein each of the first spacers is connected with, and between, a respective one of the first electrode sections and the first electret;
a plurality of second spacers, wherein each of the second spacers is connected with, and between, a respective one of the second electrode sections and the second electret; and
a conductive layer sandwiched between the first electret and the second electret, the conductive layer, the first electret and the second electret being capable of vibratory motion relative to the first electrode and the second electrode based on the audio signal.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a material selected from at least one of polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC).
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes one of a conductive metal film, a conductive fiber and a polymeric substrate on which a conductive film is provided.
4. The device of claim 3 , wherein the conductive fiber includes at least one of a metal fiber, a carbon fiber, a graphite fiber, or a glass fiber coated with metal, carbon or graphite.
5. The device of claim 3 , wherein the polymeric substrate includes one of PI, PC, PET, PMMA and COC.
6. The device of claim 5 , wherein the conductive film coated on the polymeric substrate includes one of indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO).
7. The device of claim 1 , wherein each of the first electret and the second electret includes at least one dielectric layer, the at least one dielectric layer including a material selected from at least one of polyterafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), amorphous fluoropolymer (AF), COC and a transparent polymer containing fluorine (F).
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer includes one of an aluminum film, ITO film and IZO film.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer includes a first conductive film attached to the first electret and a second conductive film attached to the second electret.
10. The device of claim 1 further comprising a first spacer between the first electrode and the first electret, and a second spacer between the second electrode and the second electret.
11. The device of claim 10 , wherein each of the first spacer and the second spacer includes one of PI, PC, PET, PMMA and COC.
12. An electrostatic electroacoustic device comprising:
a first electrode, comprising a plurality of first electrode sections which are physically separated from each other;
a second electrode, comprising a plurality of second electrode sections which are physically separated from each other;
an electret assembly between the first electrode and the second electrode, the electret assembly including a first electret, a second electret and a conductive layer sandwiched between the first electret and the second electret, wherein the first and second electrets are charged with different electrical polarity;
a plurality of first spacers, wherein each of the first spacers is connected with, and between, the electret assembly and a respective one of the first electrode sections; and
a plurality of second spacers, wherein each of the second spacers is connected with, and between, the electret assembly and a respective one of the second electrode sections,
wherein the electret assembly being capable of vibratory motion relative to the first electrode and the second electrode based on an audio signal applied to the first electrode and the second electrode.
13. The device of claim 12 , wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a material selected from at least one of polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC).
14. The device of claim 12 , wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes one of a conductive metal film, a conductive fiber and a polymeric substrate on which a conductive film is provided.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein the conductive fiber includes at least one of a metal fiber, a carbon fiber, a graphite fiber, or a glass fiber coated with metal, carbon or graphite.
16. The device of claim 14 , wherein the polymeric substrate includes one of PI, PC, PET, PMMA and COC, and the conductive film coated on the polymeric substrate includes one of indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO).
17. The device of claim 12 , wherein each of the first electret and the second electret includes at least one dielectric layer, the at least one dielectric layer including a material selected from at least one of polyterafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), amorphous fluoropolymer (AF), COC and a transparent polymer containing fluorine (F).
18. The device of claim 12 , wherein the conductive layer includes one of an aluminum film, ITO film and IZO film.
19. The device of claim 12 , wherein the conductive layer includes a first conductive film attached to the first electret and a second conductive film attached to the second electret.
20. The device of claim 12 , wherein each of the first spacer and the second spacer includes one of PI, PC, PET, PMMA and COC.
21. The device of claim 12 , wherein each of the first spacer and the second spacer includes a pattern.
22. An electrostatic electroacoustic device comprising:
a first acoustic unit configured to serve as a first sound channel for a first frequency part of an audio signal; and
a second acoustic unit configured to serve as a second sound channel for a second frequency part of the audio signal,
wherein each of the first acoustic unit and the second acoustic unit comprises:
a first electrode, comprising a plurality of first electrode sections which are physically separated from each other;
a second electrode, comprising a plurality of second electrode sections which are physically separated from each other;
a first electret between the first electrode and the second electrode, the first electret including at least one dielectric layer containing electrostatic charges;
a second electret between the first electrode and the second electrode, the second electret including at least one dielectric layer containing electrostatic charges, wherein the first and second electrets are charged with different electrical polarity;
a plurality of first spacers, wherein each of the first spacers is connected with, and between, a respective one of the first electrode sections and the first electret;
a plurality of second spacers, wherein each of the second spacers is connected with, and between, a respective one of the second electrode sections and the second electret; and
a conductive layer sandwiched between the first electret and the second electret, the conductive layer, the first electret and the second electret being capable of vibratory motion relative to the first electrode and the second electrode based on the audio signal.
23. The device of claim 22 , wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes a material selected from at least one of polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and cyclic olefin copolymer (COC).
24. The device of claim 22 , wherein each of the first electrode and the second electrode includes one of a conductive metal film, a conductive fiber and a polymeric substrate on which a conductive film is provided.
25. The device of claim 24 , wherein the conductive fiber includes at least one of a metal fiber, a carbon fiber, a graphite fiber, or a glass fiber coated with metal, carbon or graphite.
26. The device of claim 24 , wherein the polymeric substrate includes one of PI, PC, PET, PMMA and COC, and the conductive film coated on the polymeric substrate includes one of indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO).
27. The device of claim 22 , wherein each of the first electret and the second electret includes at least one dielectric layer, the at least one dielectric layer including a material selected from at least one of polyterafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), amorphous fluoropolymer (AF), COC and a transparent polymer containing fluorine (F).
28. The device of claim 22 , wherein the conductive layer includes one of an aluminum film, ITO film and IZO film.
29. The device of claim 22 , wherein the conductive layer includes a first conductive film attached to the first electret and a second conductive film attached to the second electret.
30. The device of claim 22 further comprising a first spacer between the first electrode and the first electret, and a second spacer between the second electrode and the second electret.
31. The device of claim 30 , wherein each of the first spacer and the second spacer includes one of PI, PC, PET, PMMA and COC.
32. The device of claim 30 , wherein each of the first spacer and the second spacer includes a pattern.
33. The device of claim 22 , wherein each of the first acoustic unit and the second acoustic unit includes one of a circular, elliptical, triangle, rectangular and polygonal shape.
34. The device of claim 22 , wherein the first acoustic unit and the second acoustic unit are juxtaposed with one another.
35. The device of claim 22 , wherein the first acoustic unit has a greater size than the second acoustic unit.
36. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer of the first electret and the at least one dielectric layer of the second electret are electrized to permanently maintain electrostatic charges.
37. The device of claim 12 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer of the first electret and the at least one dielectric layer of the second electret are electrized to permanently maintain electrostatic charges.
38. The device of claim 22 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer of the first electret and the at least one dielectric layer of the second electret are electrized to permanently maintain electrostatic charges.
39. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer of the first electret and the at least one dielectric layer of the second electret are electrized by corona charging to permanently maintain electrostatic charges.
40. The device of claim 12 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer of the first electret and the at least one dielectric layer of the second electret are electrized by corona charging to permanently maintain electrostatic charges.
41. The device of claim 22 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer of the first electret and the at least one dielectric layer of the second electret are electrized by corona charging to permanently maintain electrostatic charges.
42. The device of claim 1 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer is meso-porous or nano-porous.
43. The device of claim 12 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer is mesoporous or nano-porous.
44. The device of claim 22 , wherein the at least one dielectric layer is mesoporous or nano-porous.
45. The device of claim 1 , wherein the conductive layer comprises a first conductive film and a second conductive film which are overlapped with each other.
46. The device of claim 12 , wherein the conductive layer comprises a first conductive film and a second conductive film which are overlapped with each other.
47. The device of claim 22 , wherein the conductive layer comprises a first sub-conductive layer and a second sub-conductive layer which are overlapped with each other.