Apparatus and method for directional drilling
A directional drilling system and method are provided for directional drilling a borehole by continuous rotating of the drill string in combination with an arrangement of drilling motor assemblies at the lower end of the drill string to effect drilling along a curved path and a substantially straight path. A first drilling motor assembly is coupled to a drill bit and operable to rotate the drill bit to effect drilling of the borehole. A second drilling motor assembly, positioned on the drill string above the first drilling motor assembly, is operable to rotate the first drilling motor assembly in a direction opposite the direction of rotation imparted to the drill string from the surface and to the drill bit by the first drilling motor assembly. A control system associated with the second drilling motor assembly controls fluid flow through the second drilling motor assembly so that the first drilling motor assembly is substantially rotationally stationary with respect to the rotating drill string when drilling a curved path of the borehole.
1. Apparatus for drilling a borehole while rotating a drill string in a first rotational direction, comprising:
a drill bit;
a first drilling motor assembly for rotating said drill bit in said first rotational direction at a first rotational speed;
a second drilling motor assembly connected between said first drilling motor assembly and said drill string for rotating said first drilling motor assembly in a second rotational direction at a second rotational speed; and
a control assembly for controlling the second rotational speed relative to said rotating drill string, comprising:
a poppet, adapted to control flow of fluid through the second drilling motor assembly for controlling the second rotational speed; and
electronic control circuitry operable to control the operation of the poppet.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein said first rotational direction is clockwise.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein said second rotational direction is counterclockwise.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein controlling the second rotational speed relative to said rotating drill string further comprises said control assembly controlling the second rotational speed so that said first drilling motor assembly is substantially rotationally stationary relative to a rotational speed of said drill string.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein said second drilling motor assembly comprises a low speed drilling motor.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said low speed drilling motor has a rotational speed in the range from approximately 25 rpm to approximately 80 rpm.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein said second drilling motor further comprises a high torque drilling motor.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein said second drilling motor has a torque in the range of approximately 2,500 foot pounds to approximately 28,000 foot pounds.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control assembly further comprises:
a pressure sensor, coupled to the electronic circuitry, operable to detect pressure wave signals and convert the pressure wave signals into electrical control signals for the electronic circuitry.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the control assembly further comprises:
a fluid-driven turbine assembly, operable to provide electrical power to the electronic control circuitry.
11. A method for drilling a borehole, comprising:
rotating a drill string in a first rotational direction at a first rotational speed;
rotating a drill bit in said first rotational direction using a first drilling motor assembly;
rotating the first drilling motor assembly in a second rotational direction at a second rotational speed using a second drilling motor assembly; and
controlling the second rotational speed relative to the first rotational speed, comprising:
controlling fluid flow through the second drilling motor with a poppet to control the second rotational speed; and
controlling positioning of the poppet with an electronic control system.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said first rotational direction is clockwise.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said second rotational direction is counterclockwise.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein controlling the second rotational speed relative to the first rotational speed further comprises controlling the second rotational speed so that said first drilling motor assembly is substantially rotationally stationary relative to the first rotational speed.
15. The method of claim 11 , signalling the electronic control system using fluid-borne pressure wave signals.
16. The method of claim 11 , further comprising: powering the electronic control system with a fluid flow driven turbine.