Detection of post-translationally modified peptides with liquid crystals
A method for differentiating between a post-translationally modified peptide and a peptide contained in a sample, comprising: (a) contacting the sample with a peptide attachment surface to create a peptidized surface, wherein the sample includes at least one functional group; (b) contacting the peptidized surface with a recognition reagent that selectively binds or forms a complex with the post-translationally modified peptide in the sample to provide an incubated surface; and (c) contacting a liquid crystal with the incubated surface and detecting presence of post-translationally modified peptide in the sample with the liquid crystal.
1. A device for differentiating between a peptide and a post-translationally modified form of the peptide, comprising:
(a) a support having a peptide attachment surface;
(b) a peptide and a post-translationally modified form of the peptide are immobilized on the peptide attachment surface; and
(c) a liquid crystal in contact with the peptide and the post-translationally modified form of the peptide that are immobilized on the peptide attachment surface,
wherein the orientation of the liquid crystal in contact with the post-translationally modified form of the peptide is different than the orientation of the liquid crystal in contact with the peptide.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein the post-translationally modified form of the peptide, the peptide, or both are thiol-containing or disulfide-containing peptides.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein the post-translationally modified form of the peptide, the peptide, or both are thiolated peptides.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein the peptide attachment surface is selected from the group consisting of glass, silica, silicon, gold, titania, titanium, alumina or aluminum.
5. The device of claim 4 , wherein the peptide attachment surface comprises a layer of gold.
6. The device of claim 4 wherein the peptide attachment surface comprises a layer of titania.
7. The device of claim 5 , wherein the layer of gold overlies a layer of a material that promotes adhesion of the gold to the support.
8. The device of claim 6 , wherein the material that promotes adhesion of the gold to the support is titanium.
9. The device of claim 1 , wherein the post-translationally modified form of the peptide is selected from the group consisting of a phosphorylated peptide, an acylated peptide, a glycosylated peptide, an adenylated peptide, a farnesylated peptide, an alkylated peptide, a proteolytically cleaved peptide, and mixtures thereof.
10. The device of claim 1 , wherein the peptide attachment surface comprises a recognition reagent that selectively binds or forms a complex with the post-translationally modified peptide.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein the recognition reagent comprises a phosphate-binding compound.
12. The device of claim 10 , wherein the recognition reagent is selected from the group consisting of an antibody or an antibody fragment, a cationic compound, a cationic surfactant, a polyelectrolyte, a cationic iron compound, a phosphosensor dye and mixtures thereof.
13. The device of claim 1 , wherein the liquid crystal is selected from the group consisting of nematic, smectic, polymeric, thermotropic, lyotropic, columnar, nematic discotic, calamitic nematic, ferroelectric, discoid, cholesteric and mixtures thereof.
14. The device of claim 1 , further comprising a second surface, wherein the second surface contacts the liquid crystal in contact with the peptide and the post-translationally modified form of the peptide.