Method

1. A method for detecting anti-Major Histo-Compatibility Complex (MHC) antibodies in a body fluid sample, the method comprising:

contacting the body fluid sample with a solid support comprising discrete sites, each site comprising a different specific, individual recombinant MHC Class I monomers corresponding to one specific, individual MHC Class I antigen; and

detecting the binding of antibodies to the specific, individual recombinant MHC monomers, wherein binding indicates the presence in the body fluid sample of antibodies to the specific, individual MHC antigen.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein each discrete site is processed separately from the other discrete sites.

3. A kit for detecting in a body fluid sample the presence of one or more anti-Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) antibodies against specific, individual MHC antigens, the kit comprising at least the following components:

a) a solid support comprising discrete sites, each site comprising a different specific, individual recombinant MHC Class I monomers, each monomer corresponding to one specific, individual MHC Class I antigen; and

b) a moiety capable of direct or indirect detection of anti-MHC-antibodies that bind the recombinant MHC monomers corresponding to the specific, individual MHC antigen of (a),

wherein binding indicates the presence in the body fluid sample of antibodies to the specific, individual MHC antigen.

4. The kit of claim 3 , wherein recombinant MHC monomers corresponding to at least two to 100 specific, individual HLA Class I antigens are bound to discrete sites on the solid support.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least two or more sites comprise a MHC Class I heavy chain, β-microglobulin, and a peptide.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the recombinant MHC Class I heavy chain are synthesized in a prokaryotic expression system.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the recombinant MHC Class I heavy chain is synthesized in un-glycosylated form.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least two or more sites comprise human leukocyte Class I antigens (HLA).

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least two or more sites comprise a HLA Class I heavy chain, β-microglobulin, and a peptide.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the HLA Class I heavy chain is synthesized in a prokaryotic expression system.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the HLA Class I heavy chain is synthesized in un-glycosylated form.

12. The method of claim 5 or 9 , wherein said peptide is derived from a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), a hepatitis C virus (HCV), or an influenza virus.

13. The method of claim 5 or 9 , wherein the heavy chain is biotinylated.

14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the HLA antigens are selected from the group consisting of A*0101, A*0201, A*0301, A*1101, A*2301, A*2401, A*2501, A*2601, A*2902, A*3001, A*3101, A*3201, A*3301, A*3401, A*3601, A*4301, A*6601, A*6801, A*6901, A*7401, A*8001, B*0702, B*0801, B*1302, B*1401, B*1402, B*1501, B*1502, B*1503, B*1509, B*1512, B*1513, B*1516, B*1801, B*2705, B*3501, B*3701, B*3801, B*3901, B*4001, B*4002, B*4101, B*4201, B*4402, B*4501, B*4601, B*4701, B*4801, B*4901, B*5001, B*5101, B*5201, B*5301, B*5401, B*5501, B*5601, B*5701, B*5801, B*5901, B*6701, B*7301, B*7801, B*8101, B*8201, Cw*0102, Cw*0202, Cw*0304, Cw*0303, Cw*0401, Cw*0501, Cw*0602, Cw*0701, Cw*0802, Cw*1202, Cw*1203, Cw*1402, Cw*1502, Cw*1601, Cw*1701, and Cw*1801.

15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the body fluid sample is blood or a blood-derived sample.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the body fluid sample is purified plasma.

17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of glass, a glass slide, silica, latex, agarose, alginate, teflon, polystyrene, nylon, plastic, tissue culture plastic, a spherical bead, sepharose, a magnetic bead, a non-magnetic bead, a filter, a membrane, a fibre, a capillary, a nitrocellulose strip, a tube, a plate, a plate comprising multiple wells, and an ELISA plate.

18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibodies are detected using a method selected from the group consisting of an immunosorbent assay using an antibody conjugated to a label or enzyme, detection of colloidal gold, immunoelectron microscopy, flow cytometry, immunofluorescent detection, and ELISA.

19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the antibodies are selected from the group consisting of IgG, IgM, and IgA.

20. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least two to 100 specific, individual recombinant MHC Class I monomers corresponding to at least one to 100 specific, individual MHC antigens are bound to discrete sites on the solid support.

21. The method of claim 8 , wherein at least two to 100 specific, individual recombinant HLA Class I monomers corresponding to at least one to 100 specific, individual HLA Class I antigens are bound to discrete sites on the solid support.

22. The kit of claim 3 , wherein recombinant MHC monomers corresponding to at least two to 100 specific, individual MHC Class I antigens are bound to discrete sites on the solid support.

23. The kit of claim 3 , wherein the solid support is selected from the group consisting of glass, a glass slide, silica, latex, agarose, alginate, teflon, polystyrene, nylon, plastic, tissue culture plastic, a spherical bead, sepharose, a magnetic bead, a non-magnetic bead, a filter, a membrane, a fibre, a capillary, a nitrocellulose strip, a tube, a plate, a plate comprising multiple wells, and an ELISA plate.

24. The kit of claim 3 , wherein the antibodies are detected and identified using a method selected from the group consisting of an immunosorbent assay using an antibody conjugated to a label or enzyme, detection of colloidal gold, immunoelectron microscopy, flow cytometry, immunofluorescent detection, and ELISA.