Carbon nanotube composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering
The present invention provides biocompatible composite materials that can be fabricated into a scaffold having properties suitable for bone repair and regeneration. These scaffolds have sufficient mechanical strength to be useful for the repair and regeneration of cortical bone.
1. A biocompatible composite scaffold material comprising sintered microspheres, wherein the microspheres comprise a biodegradable polymer and about 5% or less (wt/wt) water-dispersible carbon nanotubes sintered to microspheres at joining areas between adjacent microspheres.
2. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 , wherein the biodegradable polymer is poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA).
3. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 2 , wherein the PLGA has a lactic acid to glycolic acid ratio of about 85:15.
4. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 , wherein the biocompatible composite scaffold material comprises about 3% or less (wt/wt) functionalized carbon nanotubes.
5. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 , wherein about 1% to about 5% of the carbon atoms of the water-dispersible carbon nanotubes are functionalized with carboxyl groups, amide groups, hydroxyl groups, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or a combination thereof.
6. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
7. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 , comprising about 3% or less (wt/wt) functionalized carbon nanotubes; wherein the biodegradable polymer comprises poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA).
8. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 7 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are functionalized with carboxyl groups, amide groups, hydroxyl groups, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or a combination thereof.
9. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 7 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are multi-wall carbon nanotubes.
10. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 , further comprising a bioactive agent selected from the group consisting of: bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), osteoprotegerin, growth differentiation factors (GDFs), cartilage-derived morphogenic proteins (CDMPs), LIM mineralization proteins (LMPs), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, and combinations thereof.
11. The biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 , wherein the porosity of the scaffold is at least 30%.
12. A method of effecting bone repair comprising contacting the area affected by a bone defect with the biocompatible composite scaffold material of claim 1 .
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the biodegradable polymer is poly(lactic acid-glycolic acid) (PLGA).
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the biocompatible composite scaffold material comprises about 3% or less (wt/wt) functionalized carbon nanotubes.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein at least 4% of the carbon nanotubes are functionalized with carboxyl groups, amide groups, hydroxyl groups, polyethylene glycol (PEG), or a combination thereof.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the biocompatible composite scaffold material further comprises a bioactive agent selected from the group consisting of: bone morphogenic proteins (BMPs), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), osteoprotegerin, growth differentiation factors (GDFs), cartilage-derived morphogenic proteins (CDMPs), LIM mineralization proteins (LMPs), transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, and combinations thereof.