Microbubble devices, methods and systems
A hydrogel tissue engineering scaffold having microbubbles dispersed therein is disclosed. Also, a system for cell culturing including a controller and actuator to apply dynamic deformational loading to a hydrogel is disclosed. Also disclosed are methods for producing hydrogels with microbubbles and for culturing cells using hydrogels with microbubbles.
1. A method of mechanically stimulating cells in a hydrogel, the method comprising:
incorporating gas-filled microbubbles into the hydrogel;
seeding the hydrogel with cells; and
compressing the hydrogel with the gas-filled microbubbles incorporated therein so as to produce a non-zero divergence of a volume in a portion of the hydrogel during a culturing cycle.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein, during the culturing cycle and before the compressing, the microbubbles are gas-filled.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubbles have a shell comprising a protein, lipid or polymer.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seeding includes seeding the hydrogel with chondrocyte cells.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubbles are incorporated into the hydrogel before the hydrogel is polymerized.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compressing occurs at a predetermined time during the culturing cycle.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein a programmed controller transmits a signal to an actuator to perform the compressing.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to the compressing, culturing the cells in the hydrogel with gas-filled microbubbles incorporated therein.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein said compressing is such that at least some of the microbubbles in the hydrogel dissolve so as to release gas from within and allow cell culture medium to fill spaces vacated by said gas, and further comprising, after the compressing, further culturing the cells in the hydrogel.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein each microbubble has a shell comprised of distearoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC) and is filled with perfluorobutane (PFB) gas.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein each microbubble has a size in the range of 0.5 μm to 10 μm.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the microbubbles are incorporated into the hydrogel at a concentration of 1×10 8 to 1×10 9 microbubbles/mL.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compressing comprises hydrostatic loading of the hydrogel.
14. A method comprising:
incorporating gas-filled microbubbles into a hydrogel;
seeding the hydrogel with cells; and
isotropically compressing the hydrogel with the gas-filled microbubbles incorporated therein by applying a hydrostatic loading during a culturing cycle of the cells seeded in the hydrogel so as to produce a non-zero divergence of a volume in a portion of the hydrogel.