Electrostatic image developing toner, developer, and image forming apparatus
An electrostatic image developing toner including: toner particles each containing binder resin and colorant; and an external additive supported on the toner particles, wherein the toner particles each have protrusions on surface thereof, average of lengths of long sides of the protrusions is 0.10 μm or more but less than 0.50 μm, standard deviation of the lengths of the long sides of the protrusions is 0.20 or less, coverage rate of the protrusions on the surface of each toner particle is 30% to 90%, the external additive includes at least two different particles including external additive (A) and one or more external additives (B), external additive (A) has longest average primary particle diameter among the external additives and charged to have the opposite polarity to the toner particles, and at least one of the external additives (B) is charged to have the same polarity as the toner particles.
1. An electrostatic image developing toner comprising:
toner particles each comprising a binder resin and a colorant; and
an external additive carried on the toner particles,
wherein the toner particles each have protrusions on a surface thereof,
wherein an average of lengths of long sides of the protrusions is 0.10 μm or more but less than 0.50 μm, a standard deviation of the lengths of the long sides of the protrusions is 0.20 or less, and a coverage rate of the protrusions on the surface of each toner particle is 30% to 90%,
wherein the external additive comprises at least two different fine particles comprising external additive (A) and one or more external additives (B), and
wherein the external additive (A) has a longest average primary particle diameter among the external additives and is charged to have the opposite polarity to that of the toner particles, and at least one of the one or more external additives (B) is charged to have the same polarity as that of the toner particles.
2. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the external additive (A) has an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm to 500 nm.
3. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more external additives (B) each have an average primary particle diameter of 10 nm to 50 nm.
4. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the external additive (A) is 0.1% by mass to 2.0% by mass relative to the toner particles.
5. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein an amount of the one or more external additives (B) is 0.1% by mass to 5.0% by mass relative to the toner particles.
6. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein a material of which the protrusions are formed is a resin which is different from the binder resin.
7. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 6 , wherein the material of which the protrusions are formed is a resin containing styrene.
8. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particles are obtained through a process including producing toner core particles, and attaching or fusing the protrusions on surfaces of the toner core particles.
9. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particles are obtained by forming the protrusions on toner core particles, and the toner core particles are obtained through granulation performed by emulsifying or dispersing, in an aqueous medium, an oil phase containing at least the colorant and a first resin as the binder resin, a precursor of the first resin as a precursor of the binder resin, or both of the first resin and the precursor.
10. The electrostatic image developing toner according to claim 1 , wherein the toner particles are obtained by adding an aqueous dispersion liquid of fine resin particles to an aqueous medium containing toner core particles emulsified or dispersed therein, to attach or fuse the fine resin particles to surfaces of the core particles.
11. A developer comprising:
an electrostatic image developing toner which comprises:
toner particles each comprising a binder resin and a colorant; and
an external additive carried on the toner particles,
wherein the toner particles each have protrusions on a surface thereof,
wherein an average of lengths of long sides of the protrusions is 0.10 μm or more but less than 0.50 μm standard deviation of the lengths of the long sides of the protrusions is 0.20 or less, and a coverage rate of the protrusions on the surface of each toner particle is 30% to 90%,
wherein the external additive comprises at least two different fine particles comprising external additive (A) and one or more external additives (B), and
wherein the external additive (A) has a longest average primary particle diameter among the external additives and is charged to have the opposite polarity to that of the toner particles, and at least one of the one or more external additives (B) is charged to have the same polarity as that of the toner particles.
12. The developer according to claim 11 , wherein the external additive (A) has an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm to 500 nm.
13. The developer according to claim 11 , wherein the one or more external additives (B) each have an average primary particle diameter of 10 nm to 50 nm.
14. The developer according to claim 11 , wherein an amount of the external additive (A) is 0.1% by mass to 2.0% by mass relative to the toner particles.
15. The developer according to claim 11 , wherein an amount of the one or more external additives (B) is 0.1% by mass to 5.0% by mass relative to the toner particles.
16. An image forming apparatus comprising:
a latent image bearing member which bears a latent image thereon,
a charging unit configured to uniformly charge a surface of the latent image bearing member,
an exposing unit configured to expose the charged surface of the latent image bearing member to light based on image data to form a latent electrostatic image,
a toner with which the latent image is visualized,
a developing unit configured to supply the toner to the latent electrostatic image formed on the surface of the latent image bearing member to develop the latent electrostatic image, to thereby form a visible image on the surface of the latent image bearing member,
a transfer unit configured to transfer, onto an image-receiving medium, the visible image on the surface of the latent image bearing member, and
a fixing unit configured to fix the visible image on the image-receiving medium,
wherein the toner comprises:
toner particles each comprising a binder resin and a colorant; and
an external additive carried on the toner particles,
wherein the toner particles each have protrusions on a surface thereof,
wherein an average of lengths of long sides of the protrusions is 0.10 μm or more but less than 0.50 μm, a standard deviation of the lengths of the long sides of the protrusions is 0.20 or less, and a coverage rate of the protrusions on the surface of each toner particle is 30% to 90%,
wherein the external additive comprises at least two different fine particles comprising external additive (A) and one or more external additives (B), and
wherein the external additive (A) has a longest average primary particle diameter among the external additives and is charged to have the opposite polarity to that of the toner particles, and at least one of the one or more external additives (B) is charged to have the same polarity as that of the toner particles.
17. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the external additive (A) has an average primary particle diameter of 50 nm to 500 nm.
18. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein the one or more external additives (B) each have an average primary particle diameter of 10 nm to 50 nm.
19. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein an amount of the external additive (A) is 0.1% by mass to 2.0% by mass relative to the toner particles.
20. The image forming apparatus according to claim 16 , wherein an amount of the one or more external additives (B) is 0.1% by mass to 5.0% by mass relative to the toner particles.