Regulating the ethylene response of a plant by modulation of F-box proteins
The relationship between F-box proteins and proteins involved in the ethylene response in plants is described. In particular, F-box proteins may bind to proteins involved in the ethylene response and target them for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway. The transcription factor EIN3 is a key transcription factor mediating ethylene-regulated gene expression and morphological responses. EIN3 is degraded through a ubiquitin/proteasome pathway mediated by F-box proteins EBF1 and EBF2. The link between F-box proteins and the ethylene response is a key step in modulating or regulating the response of a plant to ethylene. Described herein are transgenic plants having an altered sensitivity to ethylene, and methods for making transgenic plant having an altered sensitivity to ethylene by modulating the level of activity of F-box proteins. Methods of altering the ethylene response in a plant by modulating the activity or expression of an F-box protein are described. Also described are methods of identifying compounds that modulate the ethylene response in plants by modulating the level of F-box protein expression or activity.
1. A transgenic plant comprising a recombinant nucleic acid sequence that alters expression of an F-box gene, wherein the F-box gene encodes a protein comprising at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and that interacts with a EIN3, wherein EIN3 is involved in an ethylene response of the plant, wherein the recombinant nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter, and wherein said plant has altered sensitivity to ethylene.
2. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant nucleic acid sequence increases the expression of the F-box gene reducing the plant's sensitivity to ethylene.
3. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein said protein comprises an F-box protein comprising at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
4. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein said protein comprises an F-box domain shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
5. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein said recombinant nucleic acid sequence encodes the F-box protein expressed by said F-box gene.
6. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein said F-box gene comprises a polynucleotide sequence comprising at least 90% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
7. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the EIN3 has at least 90% identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
8. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of: rice, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, grass, oats, tomato, potato, banana, kiwi fruit, avocado, melon, mango, cane, sugar beet, tobacco, papaya, peach, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, onion, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cotton, canola, grape, soybean, oil seed rape, asparagus, beans, carrots, cucumbers, eggplant, melons, okra, parsnips, peanuts, peppers, pineapples, squash, sweet potatoes, rye, cantaloupes, peas, pumpkins, sunflowers, spinach, apples, cherries, cranberries, grapefruit, lemons, limes, nectarines, oranges, peaches, pears, tangelos, tangerines, lily, carnation, chrysanthemum, petunia, rose, geranium, violet, gladioli, orchid, lilac, crabapple, sweetgum, maple, poinsettia, locust, ash, linden tree and Arabidopsis thaliana.
9. The transgenic plant of claim 1 , wherein the plant is corn.
10. A method of regulating at least one aspect of ethylene response of a plant comprising modulating F-box protein activity or expression, wherein the F-box protein comprises at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and interacts with an EIN3 protein.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein expression of the F-box protein is increased, thereby reducing the plant's sensitivity to ethylene.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the F-box protein comprises at least 95% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the protein comprises an F-box domain shown in SEQ ID NO: 7.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein said F-box protein is encoded by a polynucleotide sequence comprising at least 90% sequence identity to the nucleic acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
15. The method of claim 10 , wherein modulating F-box protein activity or expression comprises enhancing or inhibiting binding of the F-box protein to a protein encoded by a gene involved in the ethylene response of the plant.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein enhancing or inhibiting the binding of an F-box protein to a protein encoded by a gene involved in the ethylene response comprises enhancing or inhibiting the binding of an F-box protein to a transcription factor involved in the ethylene response.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein enhancing or inhibiting the binding of an F-box protein to a transcription factor involved in the ethylene response comprises enhancing or inhibiting the binding of an F-box protein to an EIN3 protein having at least 90% identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 6.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the aspect of the ethylene response that is regulated is senescence, fruit ripening, stress response, germination, pathogen resistance, leaf abscission, or stability of an EIN3 protein.
19. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plant is selected from the group consisting of: rice, maize, wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, grass, oats, tomato, potato, banana, kiwi fruit, avocado, melon, mango, cane, sugar beet, tobacco, papaya, peach, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, blueberry, lettuce, cabbage, cauliflower, onion, broccoli, brussels sprouts, cotton, canola, grape, soybean, oil seed rape, asparagus, beans, carrots, cucumbers, eggplant, melons, okra, parsnips, peanuts, peppers, pineapples, squash, sweet potatoes, rye, cantaloupes, peas, pumpkins, sunflowers, spinach, apples, cherries, cranberries, grapefruit, lemons, limes, nectarines, oranges, peaches, pears, tangelos, tangerines, lily, carnation, chrysanthemum, petunia, rose, geranium, violet, gladioli, orchid, lilac, crabapple, sweetgum, maple, poinsettia, locust, ash, linden tree and Arabidopsis thaliana.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the plant is corn.
21. A transgenic plant comprising a recombinant nucleic acid sequence that alters expression of an F-box gene, wherein the F-box gene encodes a first protein comprising at least 90% sequence identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 and comprising an F-box domain shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, wherein the first protein interacts with a second protein involved in an ethylene response of the plant, wherein the recombinant nucleic acid sequence is operably linked to a promoter, and wherein said plant has altered sensitivity to ethylene.