Filling fenestration units
A method for fabricating an insulated system such as, for instance, an insulated window unit, includes introducing an insulating material between adjacent walls and stabilizing the system. Particulate insulators preferably are introduced in the system by filling an expanded internal volume. Stabilization of the system can be carried out by reducing the pressure within the internal volume. A stabilized insulated system is fabricated by introducing an insulating material between adjacent walls and stabilizing the system. Also disclosed are processes and equipment for filling insulated systems, such as fenestration units, and insulated systems comprising mixed insulating materials.
1. A method for fabricating an insulated system, the method comprising:
a. introducing an insulator that is in particulate form in an internal volume between adjacent walls, to form a layered structure, wherein the insulator includes translucent aerogel and the adjacent walls are panes made of glass or plastics; and
b. stabilizing the layered structure by decreasing the internal volume of the layered structure, to produce the insulated system.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the internal volume is expanded prior to step b. and the layered structure is stabilized by decreasing the expanded internal volume.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the internal volume is expanded by applying a force on outer faces of the adjacent walls.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the force is applied continuously, intermittently or is fluctuated.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the internal volume is expanded by maintaining the internal volume at a pressure higher than a pressure on outer faces of the adjacent walls.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the internal volume is expanded by maintaining the external ambient pressure at a pressure lower than the internal cavity.
7. The method of claim 2 , wherein the adjacent walls have an inner face and an outer face and the internal volume is expanded by applying a fluctuating negative or positive pressure at either the inner face or the outer face.
8. The method of claim 2 , wherein expanding the internal volume is limited by mechanical restraints.
9. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one outer face of the adjacent walls is enclosed by a vacuum box.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insulator is a porous, microporous or nanoporous material.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insulator includes aerogel, optionally combined with a non-aerogel material selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, aluminosilicate, expanded perlite, expanded polystyrene, polypropylene beads, glass micropsheres and any combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insulator is an aerogel.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the internal volume is overpacked with particulate material.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the adjacent walls are made of glass, polymer, stone, ceramic or metal.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layered structure is stabilized by removing at least a portion of ambient gas from the internal volume, by elastic springback of the adjacent walls or by applying a negative pressure to the internal volume.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein the layered structure is stabilized by subjecting the insulator in the internal volume to a compressive force, wherein an external mechanical load is applied to the walls and the cavity is sealed from pressure communications with the environment at the highest level of compression.
17. The method of claim 2 , further comprising sealing the system.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insulated system is vented for pressure communication between the internal volume and ambient environment.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein venting is through at least one opening selected from the group consisting of a capillary tube and a one-way directional valve.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the insulated system acts as a sealed system when exposed to a rapid pressure fluctuation in the ambient environment.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein pressure built-up within the insulated system is released, thereby preventing internal volume from expanding.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the insulator counteracts shrinkage of the internal volume when said volume is subjected to a gradual pressure drop.
23. An insulated system produced by the method of claim 2 .
24. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insulator contains hydrophobic aerogel.
25. The method of claim 1 , wherein the insulated system is a window unit having a light transmittance (% T) of at least 0.5% when measured at visible light wavelengths.