Knitted biodegradable silk fabric comprising yarn promoting ingrowth of cells and methods of making
Silk is purified to eliminate immunogenic components (particularly sericin) and is used to form fabric that is used to form tissue-supporting prosthetic devices for implantation. The fabrics can carry functional groups, drugs, and other biological reagents. Applications include hernia repair, tissue wall reconstruction, and organ support, such as bladder slings. The silk fibers are arranged in parallel and, optionally, intertwined (e.g., twisted) to form a construct; sericin may be extracted at any point during the formation of the fabric, leaving a construct of silk fibroin fibers having excellent tensile strength and other mechanical properties.
1. A method of making a knitted, biodegradable, silk fabric comprised of a yarn having sericin-extracted silk fibroin fibers that retain their native protein structure and have not been dissolved and reconstituted, the method comprising: before or after forming the yarn or fabric extracting sericin from non-randomly organized silk fibroin fibers in a Na 2 CO 3 and soap solution at a temperature at or below 94° C., the sericin-extracted silk fibroin fibers being biocompatible and biodegradable such that the yarn promotes ingrowth of cells around the silk fibroin fibers, wherein cells for proliferating and differentiating into a tissue have not been added to or absorbed into the fabric.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein sericin is extracted from the fibroin fibers at a temperature at or below 90° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein sericin is extracted over a period of thirty minutes to an hour.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein sericin is extracted in a first extraction at or below 90° C. for a period of thirty minutes to an hour and in a second extraction under identical conditions.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising rinsing the sericin-extracted fibroin fibers with water.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the sericin-extracted fibroin fibers comprise fibroin fibers obtained from Bombyx mori silkworm.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yarn has an ultimate tensile strength of at least 0.52 N per fiber.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the yarn has a stiffness between about 0.27 and about 0.5 N/mm per fiber.
9. A knitted, biodegradable, silk fabric comprising: a yarn having sericin-extracted silk fibroin fibers that retain their native protein structure and have not been dissolved and reconstituted, the silk fibroin fibers having been, before or after forming the yarn or fabric, sericin-extracted in a Na 2 CO 3 and soap solution at a temperature at or below 94° C., the sericin-extracted silk fibroin fibers being biocompatible and biodegradable such that the yarn promotes ingrowth of cells around the silk fibroin fibers, wherein cells for proliferating and differentiating into a tissue have not been added to or absorbed into the fabric.