Formulation and use thereof
Provided are liquid pharmaceutical formulations comprising nicotine in any form for administration essentially to the lungs being acidified and/or alkalized by buffering and/or pH regulation providing for a t max of nicotine in arterial blood of a subject within a short period of time after administration. The administration is preferably accomplished by spraying an aerosol into the oral cavity for further distribution essentially into the lungs. Methods for manufacturing the formulation is also disclosed, as are uses of the formulation in therapy, such as therapy for treating addiction to tobacco.
1. A pharmaceutical aerosol formulated for administration to a subject's lungs comprising liquid droplets, said liquid droplets comprising un-complexed nicotine, alcohol, and a buffering or pH regulating agent in an amount sufficient to adjust the pH of the formulation to an apparent pH in the range of 3 to 5.5.
2. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 comprising a buffering agent,
wherein said buffering agent is citric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, or acidic salts thereof;
or,
wherein said buffering agent is a carbonate, a glycinate, a phosphate, a glycerophosphate, an acetate, a gluconate, or a citrate.
3. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 comprising a pH regulating agent, wherein said pH regulating agent is sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, or pH regulating forms of nicotine.
4. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein said liquid droplets have an acidic pH and said buffering or pH regulating agent is citric acid, phosphoric acid, acetic acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, sulphuric acid, acidic salts thereof, or partly pH regulating forms of nicotine.
5. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein said nicotine is present as a free base, a nicotine salt, a nicotine metabolite, or any combination thereof.
6. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein the amount of nicotine administered to the lungs is about 0.05-10 mg calculated as the free base form of nicotine.
7. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein said liquid droplets further comprise water.
8. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 wherein said liquid droplets further comprise alcohol.
9. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein said formulation comprises water and an alcohol.
10. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , further comprising a surface active agent or an emulsifier.
11. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein said liquid droplets further comprise water, sodium chloride, and ethanol.
12. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein said formulation further comprises one or more tonicity agents.
13. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 , wherein said liquid droplets comprise at least 90% alcohol by weight.
14. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 wherein said liquid droplets further comprise propylene glycol and ethanol.
15. The pharmaceutical aerosol of claim 1 ,
wherein said liquid droplets further comprise water and alcohol, and wherein said alcohol is a mixture of ethanol and at least one of propylene glycol or glycerol; and
wherein said buffering agent or pH regulating agent is an acid.