Generating a pseudo three-dimensional image of a three-dimensional voxel array illuminated by an arbitrary light source by a direct volume rendering method
In an image processing method for generating a pseudo three-dimensional image by a volume rendering method in which a pixel value of each pixel on a projection plane on which a three-dimensional image illuminated by an arbitrary light source is projected is determined using a brightness value at each examination point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of visual lines connecting an arbitrary viewpoint and each pixel on the projection plane, an illuminance level at each examination point is calculated based on an opacity level at each calculation point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of light rays connecting the light source and each examination point, and the brightness value at each examination point is determined based on the calculated illuminance level.
1. An image processing method for generating a pseudo three-dimensional image by a volume rendering method in which a pixel value of each pixel on a projection plane on which a three-dimensional image illuminated by an arbitrary light source is projected is determined using a brightness and an opacity level value at each examination point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of visual lines connecting an arbitrary viewpoint and each pixel on the projection plane, wherein the opacity level at each examination point is determined by the pixel value at the examination point based on a correspondence between each pixel value and an opacity level predefined with respect to said each pixel value, the method comprising the steps of:
calculating an illuminance level at each examination point based on an opacity level at each calculation point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of light rays connecting the light source and each examination point, wherein the opacity level at each calculation point is determined by the pixel value at the calculation point based on the correspondence between each pixel value and an opacity level predefined with respect to said each pixel value, and wherein the illuminance level includes an illuminance drop due to blockage and attenuation of light from the light source by another object; and
determining the brightness value at each examination point based on the calculated illuminance level.
2. The image processing method according to claim 1 , wherein when each of the visual lines is represented by visual line E j (j=1, 2, - - - , L), each examination point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along the visual line E j , is represented by examination point P ji (i =1, 2, - - - , n), each calculation point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along the light ray connecting the light source and the examination point P ji , is represented by calculation point q k (k =1, 2, - - - , m), and the opacity level at the calculation point q k is represented by α(q k ), an illuminance level D (P ji ) at the examination point P ji is calculated by formula (1) below
D
(
P
ji
)
=
∏
k
=
1
m
(
1
-
α
(
q
k
)
)
(
1
)
where L is the number of visual lines, n is the number of examination points on the visual line E j , and m is the number of calculation points on the ray connecting the light source and the examination point P ji .
3. An image processing apparatus for generating a pseudo three-dimensional image by a volume rendering method having a ray casting means for determining a pixel value of each pixel on a projection plane on which a three-dimensional image illuminated by an arbitrary light source is projected using a brightness value and an opacity level at each examination point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of visual lines connecting an arbitrary viewpoint and each pixel on the projection plane, wherein the opacity level at each examination point is determined by the pixel value at the examination point based on a correspondence between each pixel value and an opacity level predefined with respect to said each pixel value, the apparatus comprising:
an illuminance level calculation means for calculating an illuminance level at each examination point based on an opacity level at each calculation point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of light rays connecting the light source and each examination point, wherein the opacity level at each calculation point is determined by the pixel value at the calculation point based on the correspondence between each pixel value and an opacity level predefined with respect to said each pixel value, and wherein the illuminance level includes an illuminance drop due to blockage and attenuation of light from the light source by another object; and
a brightness value determination means for determining the brightness value at each examination point based on the calculated illuminance level.
4. The image processing apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein when each of the visual lines is represented by visual line E j (j=1, 2, - - - , L), each examination point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along the visual line E j , is represented by examination point P ji (i =1, 2, - - - , n), each calculation point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along the light ray connecting the light source and the examination point P ji is represented by calculation point q k (k =1, 2, - - - , m), and the opacity level at the calculation point q k is represented by α(q k ), an illuminance level D (P ji ) at the examination point P ji , is calculated by formula (1) below
D
(
P
ji
)
=
∏
k
=
1
m
(
1
-
α
(
q
k
)
)
(
1
)
where L is the number of visual lines, n is the number of examination points on the visual line E j , and m is the number of calculation points on the ray connecting the light source and the examination point P ji .
5. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium storing a program including instructions for causing a computer to perform an image processing method for generating a pseudo three-dimensional image by a volume rendering method in which a pixel value of each pixel on a projection plane on which a three-dimensional image illuminated by an arbitrary light source is projected is determined using a brightness value and an opacity level at each examination point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of visual lines connecting an arbitrary viewpoint and each pixel on the projection plane, wherein the opacity level at each examination point is determined by the pixel value at the examination point based on a correspondence between each pixel value and an opacity level predefined with respect to said each pixel value, the method comprising the steps of:
calculating an illuminance level at each examination point based on an opacity level at each calculation point, which is a point on the three-dimensional image sampled along each of a plurality of light rays connecting the light source and each examination point, wherein the opacity level at each calculation point is determined by the pixel value at the calculation point based on the correspondence between each pixel value and an opacity level predefined with respect to said each pixel value, and wherein the illuminance level includes an illuminance drop due to blockage and attenuation of light from the light source by another object; and
determining the brightness value at each examination point based on the calculated illuminance level.