High surface area, electrically conductive nanocarbon-supported metal oxide
A metal oxide-carbon composite includes a carbon aerogel with an oxide overcoat. The metal oxide-carbon composite is made by providing a carbon aerogel, immersing the carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum, raising the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol to atmospheric pressure, curing the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol at room temperature, and drying the carbon aerogel with the metal oxide sol to produce the metal oxide-carbon composite. The step of providing a carbon aerogel can provide an activated carbon aerogel or provide a carbon aerogel with carbon nanotubes that make the carbon aerogel mechanically robust.
1. A method of making a metal oxide-carbon composite, comprising the steps of:
providing a carbon aerogel,
immersing said carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum,
returning said carbon aerogel with said metal oxide sol to atmospheric pressure,
curing said carbon aerogel with said metal oxide sol to produce a metal oxide-carbon wet gel composite, and
drying said metal oxide-carbon wet gel composite so producing a metal oxide-carbon composite.
2. The method of making a metal oxide-carbon composite of claim 1 wherein said step of providing a carbon aerogel comprises providing an activated carbon aerogel.
3. The method of making a metal oxide-carbon composite of claim 1 wherein said step of providing a carbon aerogel comprises providing a carbon aerogel with carbon nanotubes that make said carbon aerogel mechanically robust.
4. The method of making a metal oxide-carbon composite of claim 1 wherein said step of immersing said carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum comprises immersing said carbon aerogel in titanium dioxide.
5. The method of making a metal oxide-carbon composite of claim 1 wherein said step of immersing said carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum comprises immersing said carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol made from at least one metal salt selected from Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Zr salts, in combination with propylene oxide, and sol-gel forming components.
6. The method of making a metal oxide-carbon composite of claim 1 wherein said step of immersing said carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum comprises immersing said carbon aerogel in a metal oxide sol for metal species selected from at least one of manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, zirconium, tin, aluminum and chromium.
7. A method of making a metal oxide-carbon composite, comprising the steps of:
providing an aqueous media or other media to form a suspension,
adding reactants and catalyst to said suspension to create a reaction mixture,
curing said reaction mixture to form a wet gel,
drying said wet gel to produce a dry gel,
pyrolyzing said dry gel to produce an aerogel,
immersing said aerogel in a metal oxide sol under a vacuum,
returning said aerogel and said metal oxide sol to atmospheric pressure,
curing said aerogel with said metal oxide sol to produce a metal oxide-carbon wet gel composite, and
drying said metal oxide-carbon wet gel composite to produce a metal oxide-carbon composite.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the metal oxide-carbon composite to carbothermal reduction under nitrogen.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the carbon aerogel is an activated carbon aerogel.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the carbon aerogel is a carbon nanotube-supported carbon aerogel.
11. A metal carbonitride-carbon composite obtained by the method of claim 8 .
12. The metal carbonitride-carbon composite of claim 11 , wherein the metal carbonitride is titanium carbonitride.
13. The metal carbonitride-carbon composite of claim 11 , wherein the metal carbonitride is TiC 1-x N x (0<x<1).
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising subjecting the metal oxide-carbon composite to carbothermal reduction under argon.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carbon aerogel is an activated carbon aerogel.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the carbon aerogel is a carbon nanotube-supported carbon aerogel.
17. A metal carbide-carbon composite obtained by the method of claim 14 .
18. A metal oxide-carbon composite obtained by the method of claim 1 .
19. The metal oxide-carbon composite of claim 18 , wherein the metal oxide is titanium dioxide.