Transformation of gram positive bacteria by sonoporation
The present invention provides a sonoporation-based method that can be universally applied for delivery of compounds into Gram positive bacteria. Gram positive bacteria which can be transformed by sonoporation include, for example, Bacillus, Streptococcus, Acetobacterium , and Clostridium . Compounds which can be delivered into Gram positive bacteria via sonoporation include nucleic acids (DNA or RNA), proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, viruses, small organic and inorganic molecules, and nano-particles.
1. A method of delivering a compound into bacteria comprising a Clostridium species, comprising mixing said bacteria with said compound, and subjecting the mixture to ultrasound treatment, wherein said ultrasound treatment delivers said compound into the interior of the bacterial cell.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said ultrasound treatment is characterized by providing ultrasonic waves of a frequency in the range of 20 to 80 kHz, having an electric power output in the range of at least 0.01 to 5 W/cm 2 , for a period of time of not more than 2 minutes.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said frequency is about 40 kHz or lower.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein said electric power output is not more than 1 W/cm 2 .
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein said ultrasonic waves are provided for not more than 15 seconds.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said compound is selected from the group consisting of a nucleic acid, protein, lipid, carbohydrate, virus, an organic or inorganic molecule with a diameter of not larger than 75 nm in diameter, and a nano-particle.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein said compound is a nucleic acid.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the concentration of said nucleic acid in said mixture is about 25 ng/ml.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacteria is a microbial consortium comprising at least one Clostridium species.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said bacteria have been cultured to the late log phase or the early stationary phase prior to mixing with said compound.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said bacteria have been grown to a cell density of at least 1×10 8 cells/ml prior to mixing with said compound.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said mixing is done by adding said compound directly into the culture of said bacteria in a culture medium prior to said ultrasound treatment.