Method for manufacturing and magnetic devices having double tunnel barriers
A dual tunnel barrier magnetic element has a free magnetic layer positioned between first and second tunnel barriers and an electrode over the second tunnel barrier. A two step etch process allows for forming an encapsulation material on a side wall of the electrode and the second tunnel barrier subsequent to the first etch for preventing damage to the first tunnel barrier when performing the second etch to remove a portion of the free layer.
1. A method of manufacturing a magnetic element on a substrate, the magnetic element comprising:
forming a first electrode over the substrate;
forming a first tunnel barrier over the first electrode;
forming a free magnetic layer over the first tunnel barrier;
forming a second tunnel barrier over the free magnetic layer;
forming a second electrode over the second tunnel barrier;
performing a first etch through a first portion of the second electrode and a first portion of the second tunnel barrier to expose a surface of the free layer;
wherein second portions of the second electrode and the second tunnel barrier define a sidewall;
forming an encapsulation material on the side wall and the surface; and
performing a second etch through the encapsulation material on the surface and through a first portion of the free layer to the first tunnel barrier.
2. The method of claim 1 further comprising oxidizing the encapsulation material.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein forming the encapsulation material comprises forming the encapsulation material from one of the materials selected from the group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxide.
4. The method of claim 1 forming the encapsulation material consists of forming aluminum oxide.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein forming the encapsulation material consists of forming magnesium oxide.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein performing the first etch comprises etching with one of the chemistries selected from the group consisting of CHF 3 , Cl, or HBr.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming a first fixed magnetic layer adjacent the first tunnel barrier on a side opposed to the free magnetic layer, and forming a second fixed magnetic layer adjacent to the second tunnel barrier on a second side opposed to the magnetic free layer.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein the first tunnel barrier has cross-sectional area in the range of one to less than five times that of the second tunnel barrier.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein performing the first etch defines an area through which current is constrained in the second tunnel barrier and the second electrode, and wherein performing the second etch defines the area through which current is constrained in the free magnetic layer.
10. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming a fixed magnetic layer adjacent the first tunnel barrier on a side opposed to the free magnetic layer.
11. The method of claim 1 further comprising forming a first fixed magnetic layer adjacent the second tunnel barrier on a side opposed to the free magnetic layer.
12. A method of manufacturing a magnetic element on a substrate, the magnetic element comprising:
forming a first electrode over the substrate;
forming a first tunnel barrier over the first electrode;
forming a free magnetic layer over the first tunnel barrier;
forming a second tunnel barrier over the free magnetic layer;
forming a second electrode over the second tunnel barrier;
performing a first etch through a first portion of the second electrode, through a first portion of the second tunnel barrier, to expose a surface of the free magnetic layer;
wherein second portions of the second electrode and the second tunnel barrier define a sidewall;
forming an encapsulation material on the side wall and the surface; and
performing a second etch through the encapsulation material on the surface and through a remaining first portion of the free layer to the first tunnel barrier.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein forming the encapsulation material consists of forming aluminum oxide.
14. The method of claim 12 wherein forming the encapsulation material comprises forming the encapsulation material from one of the materials selected from the group consisting of silicon nitride and silicon oxide.
15. The method of claim 12 wherein forming the encapsulation material consists of forming magnesium oxide.
16. The method of claim 12 further comprising forming a first fixed magnetic layer adjacent the first tunnel barrier on a side opposed to the free magnetic layer, and forming a second fixed magnetic layer adjacent to the second tunnel barrier on a side opposed to the free magnetic layer.
17. The method of claim 12 wherein the second tunnel barrier has a cross-sectional area in the range of one to less than five times that of the first tunnel barrier.
18. The method of claim 12 further comprising forming a fixed magnetic layer adjacent the first tunnel barrier on a side opposed to the free magnetic layer.
19. The method of claim 12 further comprising forming a first fixed magnetic layer adjacent the second tunnel barrier on a side opposed to the free magnetic layer.
20. The method of claim 12 wherein performing the first etch defines an area through which the current is constrained in the second tunnel barrier and the second electrode, wherein performing the second etch defines the area through which current is constrained in the free magnetic layer.