Therapeutic pro-apoptotic BH3-like molecules and methods for generating and/or selecting the same
The present invention relates generally to therapeutic molecules which are useful for modulating apoptosis in a target cell or cell population. More particularly, the present invention provides therapeutic agents which inhibit pro-survival molecules and which are capable of inducing or facilitating apoptosis of a target cell or cell population such as cancer cells. The present invention further provides methods for generating or selecting the therapeutic molecules and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the therapeutic molecules.
1. An antagonist consisting of SEQ ID NO: 1 with a substitution at only one or two amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of L12, G16, D17 and F19 of SEQ ID NO: 1, wherein said antagonist binds to Mcl-1 and shows reduced binding to other Bcl-2 proteins compared to wild type SEQ ID NO: 1, with the proviso that, when there is a substitution at only one amino acid, the substitution is not L12A or F19A.
2. The antagonist of claim 1 , wherein said substitution at only two amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 1 consists of L12A and F19A.
3. The antagonist of claim 1 wherein said substitution at only one amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from the group consisting of L12 mutated to G, T, Q or H; D17 mutated to R; and F19 mutated to D or K; or wherein said substitutions at only two amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 1 are selected from the group consisting of L12 mutated to A, G, T, Q or H; D17 mutated to R; and F19 mutated to D or K.
4. The antagonist of claim 1 wherein said substitution at only one amino acid residue of SEQ ID NO: 1 is selected from the group consisting of L12Y and F19 mutated to either R, H, N or E, and wherein said substitution at only two amino acid residues of SEQ ID NO: 1 are L12Y and F19 mutated to either R, H, N or E.
5. The antagonist of claim 1 , wherein when there is only one substitution, L12 is substituted with an amino acid selected from the group consisting of G, S, T, V, L, I, M, F, W, Q and H, or when there are two substitutions, L12 is substituted with an amino acid selected from the group consisting of A, G, S, T, V, L, I, M, F, W, Q and H.
6. The antagonist of claim 1 , wherein when there is only one substitution, F19 is substituted with an amino acid selected from the group consisting of G, S, T, V, L, I, M, F, Y, W, D, E, N, Q, H, K and R, or when there are two substitutions, F19 is substituted with an amino acid selected from the group consisting of A, G, S, T, V, L, I, M, F, Y, W, D, E, N, Q, H, K and R.
7. The antagonist of claim 1 comprising D17A.
8. The antagonist of claim 1 comprising G16E.
9. A method of generating an antagonist according to claim 1 , the method comprising the steps of:
a. mutating one or two amino acid residues selected from the group consisting of L12, G16, D17 and F19 of SEQ ID NO: 1;
b. contacting the mutated peptide with members of the pro-survival Bcl-2 family;
c. detecting the strength of binding between the mutated peptide and the pro-survival Bcl-2 family members, thereby identifying amino acid residues in the peptide of the pro-apoptotic protein associated with a binding interaction between the peptide and Mcl-1; and
d. generating an antagonist which retains binding to Mcl-1 but not to other Bcl-2 proteins contacted, wherein the antagonist binds more selectively than a wild-type sequence.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the antagonist binds to Mcl-1.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the antagonist binds to Mcl-1 of a cancer cell.
12. The method of claim 10 wherein the Mcl-1 is human.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the cancer is selected from the group consisting of ABL1 protooncogene, AIDS related cancers, acoustic neuroma, acute lymphocytic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, adenocystic carcinoma, adrenocortical cancer, agnogenic myeloid metaplasia, alopecia, alveolar soft-part sarcoma, anal cancer, angiosarcoma, aplastic anaemia, astrocytoma, ataxia-telangiectasia, basal cell carcinoma (skin), bladder cancer, bone cancers, bowel cancer, brain stem glioma, brain and cns tumors, breast cancer, cns tumors, carcinoid tumors, cervical cancer, childhood brain tumors, childhood cancer, childhood leukemia, childhood soft tissue sarcoma, chondrosarcoma, choriocarcinoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, colorectal cancers, cutaneous t-cell lymphoma, dermatofi brosarcoma-protuberans, desmoplastic-small-round-cell-tumor, ductal carcinoma, endocrine cancers, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, ewing's sarcoma, extra-hepatic bile duct cancer, eye cancer, eye: melanoma, retinoblastoma, fallopian tube cancer, fanconi anaemia, fibrosarcoma, gall bladder cancer, gastric cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, gastrointestinal-carcinoid-tumor, genitourinary cancers, germ cell tumors, gestational-trophoblastic-disease, glioma, gynaecological cancers, hematological malignancies, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, hepatocellular cancer, hereditary breast cancer, histiocytosis, Hodgkin's disease, human papillomavirus, hydatidiform mole, hypercalcemia, hypopharynx cancer, intraocular melanoma, islet cell cancer, Kaposi's sarcoma, kidney cancer, Langerhan's-cell-histiocytosis, laryngeal cancer, leiomyosarcoma, leukemia, li-fraumeni syndrome, lip cancer, liposarcoma, liver cancer, lung cancer, lymphedema, lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-hodgkin's lymphoma, male breast cancer, malignant-rhabdoid-tumor-of-kidney, medulloblastoma, melanoma, merkel cell cancer, mesothelioma, metastatic cancer, mouth cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia, mycosis fungoides, myelodysplastic syndromes, myeloma, myeloproliferative disorders, nasal cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, nephroblastoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibromatosis, nijmegen breakage syndrome, non-melanoma skin cancer, non-small-cell-lung-cancer-(NSCLC), ocular cancers, oesophageal cancer, oral cavity cancer, oropharynx cancer, osteosarcoma, ostomy ovarian cancer, pancreas cancer, paranasal cancer, parathyroid cancer, parotid gland cancer, penile cancer, peripheral-neuroectodermal-tumors, pituitary cancer, polycythemia vera, prostate cancer, rare-cancers-and-associated-disorders, renal cell carcinoma, retinoblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, rothmund-thomson syndrome, salivary gland cancer, sarcoma, schwannoma, sezary syndrome, skin cancer, small cell lung cancer (SCLC), small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, spinal cord tumors, squamous-cell-carcinoma-(skin), stomach cancer, synovial sarcoma, testicular cancer, thymus cancer, thyroid cancer, transitional-cell-cancer-(bladder), transitional-cell-cancer- (renal-pelvis−/− ureter), trophoblastic cancer, urethral cancer, urinary system cancer, uroplakins, uterine sarcoma, uterus cancer, vaginal cancer, vulva cancer, Waldenstrom's-macroglobulinemia and Wilms' tumor.