Apparatus and method for producing and harvesting algae
An apparatus and method are described for producing and harvesting algae. The orientation of the production substrates is critical for maximizing production as a function of water area utilized. By employing an array of algae production substrates in a vertical configuration relative to the water surface, the yield of algae production per area of open water is increased substantially relative to prior art algae production systems.
1. A method for producing and harvesting algae in an open body of water comprising:
submerging a first substrate comprising a first planar surface and a first thickness;
submerging a second substrate comprising a second planar surface and a second thickness;
waiting for a period of time during which filamentous algae accumulate on said first planar surface and said second planar surface; and
harvesting said filamentous algae from said first planar surface and said second planar surfaces after said period of time;
wherein said open body of water has a water surface;
wherein the orientation of said first planar surface and said second planar surface is substantially perpendicular to said water surface during said period of time;
wherein the width of each of said first planar surface and said second planar surface is greater than 0.5 meters;
wherein the surface area of each of said first planar surface and said second planar surface is greater than 0.5 square meters; and
wherein said first planar surface has a depth perpendicular to said water surface of greater than 0.5 meters; wherein said first planar surface has a width to depth ratio greater than 0.25; wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is less than 51 cm; wherein the substrates are configured to yield a packing density of at least 6.3 square meters of total substrate surface area per square meter of water surface.
2. A method of claim 1 wherein said step of harvesting comprises trimming said filamentous algae such that harvesting is incomplete and a substantial amount of said filamentous algae remains on said first planar surface and said second planar surface.
3. A method of claim 2 wherein said substantial amount of said filamentous algae comprises algae composite material trimmed to a distance to the substrate surface of between 0.25 mm and 2.5 mm.
4. A method of claim 2 wherein said substantial amount of said filamentous algae comprises algae composite material having a dry weight of between 3 grams per square meter of substrate surface area and 30 grams per square meter of substrate surface area.
5. A method of claim 1 wherein said filamentous algae is trimmed with a submerged device such that said first substrate and said second substrate do not have to be removed from the water for harvesting.
6. A method of claim 1 further comprising a second period of time followed by a second harvesting.
7. A method of claim 1 wherein the distance between said first substrate and said second substrate is between 9 cm and 51 cm.
8. A method of claim 1 wherein said orientation is within a +/−10 degree deviation from perpendicular to the water surface.
9. A method of claim 1 wherein said orientation substantially contains the line of current.
10. A method of claim 1 wherein said first thickness is substantially smaller than any other dimension of said first substrate; and said second thickness is substantially smaller than any other dimension of said second substrate.
11. A method of claim 1 further comprising submerging a first rigid sheet oriented parallel to said first substrate.
12. A method of claim 1 further comprising submerging at least five additional substrates oriented substantially parallel to said first substrate and second substrate, wherein each additional substrate comprises a planar surface suitable to grow filamentous algae.
13. A method of claim 12 wherein at least five of said substrates have a dimension perpendicular to said water surface of greater than 0.5 meters.