Electrostatic coalescer
An electrically energized compact coalescer ( 50 ) comprising an elongated, closed shell ( 53 ) having a fluid inlet ( 52 ) and a fluid outlet ( 59 ); at least one electrode ( 55 ) mounted in an internal chamber formed in the closed shell and forming at least one narrow gap ( 58 ) between the electrode means and a wall in the closed shell. An external power supply ( 64 ) is electrically connected to the electrode and the energized electrode ( 55 ) is fully encapsulated with insulation to enable an intense electrostatic field to be applied to an electrically conductive emulsion whereby the flow of emulsion through said at least one narrow gap ( 58 ) will be non-laminar. One or more helical vanes ( 57 ) are disposed in the narrow gap at an angle with respect to the electrode longitudinal axis and extending for at least a portion of the length (L) of the electrode, whereby the fluid flowing through said narrow gap will follow a spiraling pattern at least partially around the electrode ( 55 ).
1. An electrically energized compact coalescer for breaking oil and water emulsions, comprising an elongated, closed shell having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; a plurality of concentric cylindrical electrodes mounted in an internal chamber formed in the closed shell and forming annular flow passages between the electrodes; an external power supply electrically connected to the electrodes, for energizing said electrodes, said energized electrodes being fully encapsulated with insulation to enable an electrostatic field to be applied to an electrically conductive emulsion fluid, for generating a non-laminar flow of the emulsion through said flow passages, wherein elongated elements are disposed in said flow passages at an angle with respect to the electrodes longitudinal axis and extending for at least a portion of the length of the electrodes, whereby the elongated elements induce a gentle swirling motion in the fluid flowing through said flow passages and that the fluid will follow a spiraling pattern at least partially around the annular flow passages, wherein the elongated elements comprise helical vanes configured to impart a circumferential component to a flow velocity of the fluid flowing into said flow passages in an axial direction, wherein the angle at which the elongated elements are disposed is between 30 and 60 degrees, and further wherein the angle varies according to the diameter of the electrodes.
2. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the elongated elements are mounted on the energized electrodes and project across the flow passages, thus forming helical flow channels within the flow passages.
3. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the elongated elements are mounted on grounded elements in the closed shell and project across the flow passages, thus forming helical flow channels within the flow passages.
4. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the vanes extend substantially the entire length of said flow passages.
5. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the vanes extend for only a portion of the length of said flow passages.
6. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the coalescer is mounted such that the direction of the fluid flow entering the flow passages is substantially vertical.
7. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the coalescer is mounted such that the direction of the fluid flow entering the flow passages is substantially horizontal.
8. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the coalescer is mounted in a substantially vertical orientation.
9. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the coalescer is mounted in a substantially horizontal orientation.
10. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the elongated elements comprise a material having adequate dielectric strength.
11. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the flow passages comprises flow gaps, whereby the flow gaps are narrow such that there are no recirculation paths for the emulsion and whereby laminar flow is avoided.
12. The coalescer of claim 1 , wherein the coalescer comprises flow straightening means disposed between said electrodes and the outlet.