Thin layer chromatography plates and related methods of manufacture including priming prior to infiltration with stationary phase and/or precursor thereof
In an embodiment, a method for manufacturing a thin layer chromatography (“TLC”) plate is disclosed. The method includes forming a layer of elongated nanostructures (e.g., carbon nanotubes), priming the elongated nanostructures with one or more adhesion priming layers, and at least partially coating the elongated nanostructures with a coating. The coating includes a stationary phase and/or precursor of a stationary phase for use in chromatography. The stationary phase may be functionalized with hydroxyl groups by exposure to a base or acid. The stationary phase may further be treated with a silane (e.g., an amino silane) to improve the performance of the TLC plate. Embodiments for TLC plates and related methods are also disclosed.
1. A method for manufacturing a thin layer chromatography plate, the method comprising:
forming a catalyst layer on a substrate;
forming a layer of elongated nanostructures on the catalyst layer;
priming the elongated nanostructures to form a layer of primed elongated nanostructures by at least partially coating the elongated nanostructures with at least one adhesion priming layer for promoting subsequent deposition of a coating including at least one of a stationary phase or a precursor of a stationary phase for use in chromatography; and
at least partially coating the primed elongated nanostructures with the coating.
2. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising, after the act of at least partially coating the primed elongated nanostructures with the coating, at least partially removing the elongated nanostructures.
3. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the act of priming the elongated nanostructures comprises priming the elongated nanostructures with an adhesion priming layer comprising amorphous carbon having a thickness of not more than about 10 nm.
4. The method as recited in claim 3 , wherein the act of at least partially removing the elongated nanostructures also removes the adhesion priming layer comprising the amorphous carbon.
5. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein the act of priming the elongated nanostructures comprises priming the elongated nanostructures with a first adhesion priming layer and a second adhesion priming layer, wherein the first and second adhesion priming layers comprise different materials.
6. The method as recited in claim 5 , wherein the first adhesion priming layer comprises amorphous carbon and the second adhesion priming layer comprises alumina.
7. The method as recited in claim 6 , wherein the first adhesion priming layer comprising the amorphous carbon has a thickness of not more than about 10 nm.
8. The method as recited in claim 6 , wherein the act of at least partially removing the elongated nanostructures also removes the first adhesion priming layer comprising the amorphous carbon.
9. The method as recited in claim 2 , wherein at least partially removing the elongated nanostructures comprises oxidizing the elongated nanostructures so that they are substantially removed.
10. The method as recited in claim 9 , wherein at least partially coating the elongated nanostructures with a coating comprises forming the coating to include silicon dioxide, the oxidizing of the elongated nanostructures being achieved at a temperature that is substantially lower than would be required were the coating to comprise silicon to be oxidized to silicon dioxide during the act of oxidation.
11. The method as recited in claim 10 , wherein oxidation of the elongated nanostructures is achieved at a temperature of not more than about 650° C.
12. The method as recited in claim 1 , further comprising exposing the coating to at least one of an acid or base in order to bond hydroxyl groups to the stationary phase.
13. The method as recited in claim 12 , further comprising exposing the stationary phase to a silane in order to bond silane groups to the stationary phase.
14. The method as recited in claim 13 , wherein the silane comprises an amino silane.
15. The method as recited in claim 14 , wherein the amino silane comprises 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
16. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein forming a layer of elongated nanostructures on the catalyst layer comprises growing a layer of carbon nanotubes on the catalyst layer.
17. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein at least partially coating the elongated nanostructures with a coating comprises forming the coating to include at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum, aluminum oxide, titanium, titanium oxide, zirconium, and zirconium oxide.
18. The method as recited in claim 17 , wherein forming the coating to include at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum, aluminum oxide, titanium, titanium oxide, zirconium, and zirconium oxide comprises at least partially infiltrating the elongated nanostructures by atomic layer deposition or pseudo-atomic layer deposition with silicon dioxide.
19. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the catalyst layer, the elongated nanostructures, and the coating including at least one of a stationary phase or a precursor of a stationary phase form a zigzag pattern.
20. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the at least one adhesion priming layer comprises at least one material selected from the group consisting of silicon, silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, aluminum, aluminum oxide, titanium, titanium oxide, zirconium, and zirconium oxide.
21. The method as recited in claim 1 , wherein the act of priming the elongated nanostructures comprises depositing the at least one adhesion priming layer via chemical vapor deposition or via a solution.