Rotary cutting tool and reversible cutting insert therefor
In a rotary cutting tool used for milling operations, a reversible indexable cutting insert is removably secured in a cutting body. The cutting insert has two opposing end surfaces interconnected by a continuous peripheral surface, including three side surfaces alternating with three corner surfaces. The side and corner surfaces intersect with both end surfaces at side and corner edges, respectively, with each side edge having a major cutting edge, and each corner edge having a corner and minor cutting edge. Each major and minor cutting edge slopes away from first and second end points, respectively, of its mutually associated corner cutting edge, towards a median plane. A first imaginary straight line extending perpendicular to the median plane and intersecting any one of the corner cutting edges at any point along its length except the second end point, passes through the median plane inside an insert boundary line.
1. A reversible indexable cutting insert ( 20 ), comprising:
opposing first and second end surfaces ( 22 ) interconnected by a continuous peripheral surface ( 24 ), with a median plane (M) located between the first and second end surfaces ( 22 ) and intersecting the peripheral surface ( 24 ) to form an insert boundary line (Lb), and an insert axis (A 1 ) perpendicular to the median plane (M) about which the cutting insert ( 20 ) is indexable,
the peripheral surface ( 24 ) including at least three side surfaces ( 26 ) alternating with at least three corner surfaces ( 28 ), with each corner surface ( 28 ) having a corner bisector plane (Pc) containing the insert axis (A 1 ), and
the side and corner surfaces ( 26 , 28 ) intersecting with both the first and second end surfaces ( 22 ) at side and corner edges ( 40 , 42 ), respectively, with each side edge ( 40 ) having a major cutting edge ( 44 ), and each corner edge ( 42 ) having a corner and minor cutting edge ( 46 , 48 ),
wherein, in a side view of the cutting insert ( 20 ), each major and minor cutting edge ( 44 , 48 ) slopes away from first and second end points (E 1 , E 2 ), respectively, of its mutually associated corner cutting edge ( 46 ), towards the median plane (M), and
wherein a first imaginary straight line (L 1 ) extending perpendicular to the median plane (M) and intersecting any one of the corner cutting edges ( 46 ) at any point along its length except the second end point (E 2 ), passes through the median plane (M) inside the insert boundary line (Lb).
2. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three side and corner surfaces ( 26 , 28 ) have side and corner median regions ( 32 , 34 ), respectively, and
wherein the side and corner median regions ( 32 , 34 ) form a continuous peripheral median region ( 36 ) extending perpendicular to the median plane (M).
3. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 2 , wherein the peripheral median region ( 36 ) exhibits mirror symmetry about the median plane (M).
4. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 2 , wherein each side median region ( 32 ) is planar.
5. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 4 , wherein each side median region ( 32 ) forms a first bisector angle (α 1 ) with the corner bisector plane (Pc) of an adjacent corner surface ( 28 ), and
wherein the first bisector angle (α 1 ) is 30°.
6. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 2 , wherein each corner median region ( 34 ) exhibits mirror symmetry about its associated corner bisector plane (Pc).
7. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 2 , wherein each corner surface ( 28 ) includes two partially conical shaped corner relief surfaces ( 52 ) extending from the same corner median region ( 34 ) in opposite axial directions to their respective corner cutting edges ( 46 ).
8. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 2 , wherein each corner surface ( 28 ) includes two planar minor relief surfaces ( 54 ) extending from the same corner median region ( 34 ) in opposite axial directions to their respective minor cutting edges ( 48 ).
9. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 8 , wherein each minor relief surface ( 54 ) is spaced apart from its adjacent side surface ( 26 ) by a non-planar joining surface ( 68 ).
10. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 8 , wherein each minor relief surface ( 54 ) is perpendicular to the median plane (M).
11. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 10 , wherein each minor relief surface ( 54 ) forms a second bisector angle (α 2 ) with its associated corner bisector plane (Pc), and
wherein the second bisector angle (α 2 ) is between 60° and 80°.
12. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein, in a side view of the cutting insert ( 20 ), each major and minor cutting edge ( 44 , 48 ) slopes away from its mutually associated corner cutting edge ( 46 ) towards the median plane (M) along its entire length.
13. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the at least three side surfaces ( 26 ) are identical, and the at least three corner surfaces ( 28 ) are identical.
14. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein each corner cutting edge ( 46 ) intersects its associated corner bisector plane (Pc), and
wherein its first and second end points (E 1 , E 2 ) are located on opposite sides of the corner bisector plane (Pc).
15. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein in an end view of the cutting insert ( 20 ), each corner cutting edge ( 46 ) is curved and each minor cutting edge ( 48 ) is straight.
16. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the first and second end surfaces ( 22 ) are identical, each having a support surface ( 30 ) substantially parallel to the median plane (M).
17. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 16 , wherein the two support surfaces ( 30 ) are equidistant from the median plane (M).
18. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 16 , wherein each corner cutting edge ( 46 ) is entirely located further from the median plane (M) than each of the support surfaces ( 30 ).
19. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein a second imaginary straight line (L 2 ) extending perpendicular to the median plane (M) and intersecting any one of the major cutting edges ( 44 ) at any point along its length, passes through the median plane (M) inside the insert boundary line (Lb).
20. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein in an end view projection of the minor cutting edges ( 48 ) onto the median plane (M), each minor cutting edge ( 48 ) is coincident with the insert boundary line (Lb).
21. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the peripheral surface ( 24 ) has exactly three side surfaces ( 26 ) alternating with exactly three corner surfaces ( 28 ), and
wherein the cutting insert ( 20 ) exhibits three-fold rotational symmetry about the insert axis (A 1 ).
22. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein a side axis (A 2 ) extends transversely to each side surface ( 26 ), and
wherein each side surface ( 26 ) exhibits two-fold rotational symmetry about its associated side axis (A 2 ).
23. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 22 , wherein each major cutting edge ( 44 ) intersects a side bisector plane (Ps) containing the insert axis (A 1 ) and its associated side axis (A 2 ).
24. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein in an end view of the cutting insert ( 20 ), the cutting insert ( 20 ) has the basic shape of a regular polygon.
25. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein in an end view of the cutting insert ( 20 ), the cutting insert ( 20 ) has the basic shape of an equilateral triangle.
26. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein a through bore ( 38 ) coaxial with the insert axis (A 1 ) extends between and opens out at both the first and second end surfaces ( 22 ).
27. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the cutting insert ( 20 ) is manufactured by direct pressing along the direction of the insert axis (A 1 ).
28. The cutting insert ( 20 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the peripheral surface ( 24 ) is unground.
29. A cutting tool ( 58 ) rotatable about a tool axis (A 3 ), comprising a cutting body ( 60 ) and at least one reversible indexable cutting insert ( 20 ), each cutting insert ( 20 ) removably secured in an insert receiving pocket ( 62 ) of the cutting body ( 60 ), and each cutting insert ( 20 ) comprising:
opposing first and second end surfaces ( 22 ) interconnected by a continuous peripheral surface ( 24 ), with a median plane (M) located between the first and second end surfaces ( 22 ) and intersecting the peripheral surface ( 24 ) to form an insert boundary line (Lb), and an insert axis (A 1 ) perpendicular to the median plane (M) about which the cutting insert ( 20 ) is indexable,
the peripheral surface ( 24 ) including at least three side surfaces ( 26 ) alternating with at least three corner surfaces ( 28 ), with each corner surface ( 28 ) having a corner bisector plane (Pc) containing the insert axis (A 1 ), and
the side and corner surfaces ( 26 , 28 ) intersecting with both the first and second end surfaces ( 22 ) at side and corner edges ( 40 , 42 ), respectively, with each side edge ( 40 ) having a major cutting edge ( 44 ), and each corner edge ( 42 ) having a corner and minor cutting edge ( 46 , 48 ),
wherein, in a side view of the cutting insert ( 20 ), each major and minor cutting edge ( 44 , 48 ) slopes away from first and second end points (E 1 , E 2 ), respectively, of its mutually associated corner cutting edge ( 46 ), towards the median plane (M), and
wherein a first imaginary straight line (L 1 ) extending perpendicular to the median plane (M) and intersecting any one of the corner cutting edges ( 46 ) at any point along its length except the second end point (E 2 ), passes through the median plane (M) inside the insert boundary line (Lb).
30. The cutting tool ( 58 ) according to claim 29 , wherein each cutting insert ( 20 ) is configured so that the operative major, corner and minor cutting edges ( 44 , 46 , 48 ) are capable of performing a square shoulder milling operation in a workpiece.
31. The cutting tool ( 58 ) according to claim 29 , wherein each side edge ( 40 ) includes an auxiliary cutting edge ( 66 ) extending from its associated major cutting edge ( 44 ) towards an adjacent minor cutting edge ( 48 ) belonging to an adjacent corner edge ( 42 ), and
wherein each cutting insert ( 20 ) is configured so that the auxiliary cutting edge ( 66 ) adjacent the operative minor cutting edge ( 48 ) is operative during ramping operations.
32. The cutting tool ( 58 ) according to claim 29 , wherein each cutting insert ( 20 ) is configured so that the operative major cutting edge ( 44 ) has a positive axial rake angle (β), and the operative minor cutting edge ( 48 ) has a positive radial rake angle (θ).
33. The cutting tool ( 58 ) according to claim 29 , wherein each cutting insert ( 20 ) is configured so that during rotation of the cutting tool ( 58 ) about its tool axis (A 3 ), the operative corner cutting edge ( 46 ) inscribes an arc-shaped first contour line (C 1 ) in a radial plane (Pr) containing the tool axis (A 3 ), and
wherein the first contour line (C 1 ) has a constant radius of curvature (R) subtending a corner cutting angle (δ) of 90°.
34. The cutting tool ( 58 ) according to claim 33 , wherein each cutting insert ( 20 ) is configured so that during rotation of the cutting tool ( 58 ) about its tool axis (A 3 ), the operative major and minor cutting edges ( 44 , 48 ) inscribe straight second and third contour lines (C 2 , C 3 ), respectively, in the radial plane (Pr), and
wherein the second contour line (C 2 ) is substantially parallel to the tool axis (A 3 ), and
wherein the third contour line (C 3 ) is substantially perpendicular to the tool axis (A 3 ).