Compositions and methods for producing isoprene
The invention features methods for producing isoprene from cultured cells. The invention also provides compositions that include these cultured cells.
1. Recombinant fungal cells capable of producing isoprene, the cells comprising a heterologous nucleic acid encoding an isoprene synthase polypeptide, wherein the cells (i) produce greater than about 400 nmole/g wcm /hr of isoprene, (ii) convert more than about 0.002 molar percent of the carbon that the cells consume from a cell culture medium into isoprene, or (iii) have an average volumetric productivity of isoprene greater than about 0.1 mg/L broth /hr.
2. The cells of claim 1 , wherein the heterologous nucleic acid encoding an isoprene synthase polypeptide is operably linked to a promoter, and wherein the production of isoprene by the cells is greater than about 400 nmole/g wcm /hr.
3. The cells of claim 1 , wherein the heterologous nucleic acid encoding an isoprene synthase polypeptide is operably linked to a promoter, and wherein the cells have an average volumetric productivity of isoprene greater than about 0.1 mg/L broth /hr.
4. The cells of claim 1 , wherein the heterologous nucleic acid encoding an isoprene synthase polypeptide is operably linked to a promoter, and wherein more than about 0.002 molar percent of the carbon that the cells consume from a cell culture medium is converted into isoprene.
5. The cells of claim 1 , wherein the isoprene synthase polypeptide is a plant isoprene synthase polypeptide.
6. The cells of claim 5 , wherein the plant isoprene synthase polypeptide is a poplar isoprene synthase polypeptide.
7. The cells of claim 5 , wherein the plant isoprene synthase polypeptide is a kudzu isoprene synthase polypeptide.
8. The cells of claim 1 , wherein the heterologous nucleic acid encoding an isoprene synthase polypeptide is in a vector.
9. The cells of claim 1 , wherein heterologous nucleic acid encoding an isoprene synthase polypeptide is integrated into a chromosome of the cells.
10. The cells of claim 1 , further comprising nucleic acids encoding: (a) an isopentenyl-diphosphate delta-isomerase (IDI) polypeptide, and (b) at least one of a 1-Deoxyxylulose-5-phosphate synthase (DXS) polypeptide and/or one or more mevalonate (MVA) pathway polypeptides.
11. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding an IDI polypeptide of (a) is a heterologous nucleic acid encoding an IDI polypeptide.
12. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding an IDI polypeptide of (a) is a copy of an endogenous nucleic acid encoding an IDI polypeptide.
13. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding a DXS polypeptide of (b) is a heterologous nucleic acid encoding a DXS polypeptide.
14. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding a DXS polypeptide of (b) is a copy of an endogenous nucleic acid encoding a DXS polypeptide.
15. The cells of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the nucleic acids encoding one or more MVA pathway polypeptides of (b) is a heterologous nucleic acid.
16. The cells of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the nucleic acids encoding one or more MVA pathway polypeptides of (b) is a copy of an endogenous nucleic acid.
17. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the cells comprise two or more polypeptides of the MVA pathway.
18. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the cells comprise three or more polypeptides of the MVA pathway.
19. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the cells comprise four or more polypeptides of the MVA pathway.
20. The cells of claim 10 , wherein the cells comprise polypeptides of the entire MVA pathway.
21. The cells of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide of (a) and (b) is in a vector.
22. The cells of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide of (a) and (b) is integrated into a chromosome of the cells.
23. The cells of claim 10 , wherein at least one of the nucleic acids encoding a polypeptide of (a) and (b) is over-expressed.
24. The cells of claim 23 , wherein the over-expressed nucleic acid is cloned into a multicopy plasmid.
25. The cells of claim 23 , wherein the over-expressed nucleic acid is placed under an inducible promoter or a constitutive promoter.
26. The cells of claim 1 , wherein the cells are Aspergillus , yeast, or Trichoderma cells.
27. The cells of claim 26 , where the yeast cells are Saccharomyces sp., Schizosaccharomyces sp., Pichia sp., Yarrowia sp., or Candida sp. cells.
28. The cells of claim 1 , where the cells are selected from the group consisting of A. oryzae, A. niger, S. cerevisiae, S. pombe, T. reesei, H. insolens, H. lanuginose, H. grisea, C. lucknowense, A. oryzae, A. niger, A sojae, A. japonicus, A. nidulans, A. aculeatus, A. awamori, F. roseum, F. graminum F. cerealis, F. oxysporuim, F. venenatum, N. crassa, M. miehei, T. viride, F. oxysporum , and F. solan cells.