Methods and compositions related to glucocorticoid receptor antagonists and breast cancer
Embodiments of the invention are directed to methods of determining the prognosis of a breast cancer patient by evaluating the activity of the glucocorticoid receptor in tumor cells. Other embodiment include methods of treating breast cancer cells, particularly, chemo-resistant cells, with a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist and an anticancer agent or compound.
1. A method of killing breast cancer cells comprising administering to a breast cancer patient an effective amount of a combination of a chemotherapeutic agent and mifepristone, wherein the breast cancer cells do not express estrogen receptor alpha at a level detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC), wherein the breast cancer cells were previously administered a first chemotherapeutic more than two weeks prior to the combination of anti-cancer compounds.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breast cancer cells that were previously administered a first chemotherapeutic are chemo-resistant.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the breast cancer cells are determined not to be chemo-sensitive or are determined to be chemo-resistant.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breast cancer cells are glucocorticoid receptor-positive (GR+).
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising determining whether the breast cancer cells do not express detectable levels of estrogen receptor alpha by IHC.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is administered prior to the chemotherapeutic.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is administered after the chemotherapeutic is administered.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is administered prior to and after administration of the chemotherapeutic.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist has undetectable or a lower level of activity as a progesterone receptor antagonist.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist does not have detectable progesterone receptor antagonist activity.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breast cancer is an unresectable breast cancer.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the breast cancer cells are PR− and HER2−.
13. A method of treating chemotherapy-insensitive breast cancer cells comprising administering to a breast cancer patient an effective amount of a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist followed by chemotherapy, wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is mifepristone, and wherein the breast cancer cells do not express estrogen receptor alpha at a level detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is not specific for progesterone receptor.
15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the patient was previously treated with chemotherapy.
16. The method of claim 13 , wherein the breast cancer cells are PR− and HER2−.
17. A method of treating breast cancer cells comprising administering to a breast cancer patient an effective amount of a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist followed by at least one apoptosis-inducing agent, wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is mifepristone, and wherein the breast cancer cells do not express estrogen receptor alpha at a level detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and are determined to be resistant to apoptosis.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein at least one apoptosis inducing agent is radiation, a chemotherapeutic, or an immunotherapy.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein the breast cancer cells are PR− and HER2−.
20. A method for treating breast cancer in a patient comprising:
a) administering radiation or at least a first chemotherapeutic to the patient;
b) subsequently administering an effective amount of a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist to the patient;
c) administering radiation again or at least a second chemotherapeutic to the patient after the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is administered to the patient, wherein the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist is mifepristone, and wherein breast cancer cells do not express estrogen receptor alpha at a level detectable by immunohistochemistry (IHC).
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the breast cancer cells are PR− and HER2−.