Integrated testing circuitry for high-frequency receiver integrated circuits
View Patent ↗An integrated circuit comprises a receiver and an oscillator circuit. The receiver has a first input port for receiving a first oscillatory input signal, a second input port for receiving a second oscillatory input signal, and an output port for delivering an oscillatory output signal which is a function of both the first input signal and the second input signal. The oscillator circuit has a first output port for delivering a first oscillatory signal, and a second output port for delivering a second oscillatory signal. The first output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the HF port, and the second output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the LO port. The integrated circuit may be designed such that the HF port may be disconnected from the first output port of the oscillator circuit without affecting the operability of the receiver. An apparatus for testing the proper functioning of an integrated circuit as described above and a method of producing a receiver are also disclosed. The method may facilitate testing a receiver die during production. In particular it may avoid the need for feeding high-frequency signals from an external apparatus to the die.
1. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a receiver, wherein the receiver comprises
a first input port for receiving a first oscillatory input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second oscillatory input signal, and
an output port for delivering an oscillatory output signal which is a function of both the first input signal and the second input signal; and
an oscillator circuit, wherein the oscillator circuit comprises
a first output port for delivering a first oscillatory signal,
a second output port for delivering a second oscillatory signal, wherein
the first output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the first input port of the receiver to test a function of the receiver,
the second output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the second input port of the receiver, and
the first input port of the receiver is uncoupled from the first output port of the oscillator circuit after the function of the receiver is tested; and
at least one of:
a first detector, for measuring the power or amplitude of the first oscillatory signal transmitted to the first input port,
a second detector, for measuring the power or amplitude of that portion of the first oscillatory signal that is reflected from the first input port,
a third detector, for measuring the power or amplitude of the second oscillatory signal transmitted to the second input port, and
a fourth detector, for measuring the power or amplitude of that portion of the second oscillatory signal that is reflected from the second input port.
2. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the receiver further comprises:
a frequency mixer comprising
a first input port for receiving a first input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal that is essentially the product of the first input signal and the second input signal, wherein
the first input port of the receiver is coupled to the first input port of the frequency mixer,
the second input port of the receiver is coupled to the second input port of the frequency mixer, and
the output port of the frequency mixer is coupled to the output port of the receiver.
3. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 2 , wherein the receiver further comprises:
a frequency multiplier comprising
an input port for receiving an input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal having a frequency that is a multiple of the frequency of the input signal, wherein
the second input port of the receiver is coupled to the input port of the frequency multiplier, and
the output port of the frequency multiplier is coupled to the second input port of the frequency mixer.
4. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the oscillator circuit further comprises:
an oscillator having an output port for delivering the first oscillatory input signal to the first input port of the receiver and for delivering the second oscillatory input signal to the second input port of the receiver.
5. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 4 wherein the oscillator circuit further comprises:
an amplifier comprising
an input port for receiving an input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal that is essentially proportional to the input signal, wherein
the output port of the oscillator is coupled to the input port of the amplifier, and
the output port of the amplifier is coupled to one or more of the first input port of the receiver and to the second input port of the receiver.
6. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 4 wherein the oscillator circuit further comprises:
a frequency converter comprising
an input port for receiving an input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal having a frequency which differs from the frequency of the input signal, wherein
the output port of the oscillator is coupled to the input port of the frequency converter, and
the output port of the frequency converter is coupled to the first input port of the receiver or to the second input port of the receiver.
7. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 6 wherein the frequency converter further comprises:
a first frequency divider;
second frequency divider; and
a frequency mixer, wherein
the first frequency divider and the second frequency divider each comprise
an input port for receiving an input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal having a frequency which is a fraction of the frequency of the input signal,
the frequency mixer comprises
a first input port for receiving a first input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal that is essentially the product of the first input signal and the second input signal, wherein
the input port of the frequency converter is coupled to the input port of the first frequency divider and to the input port of the second frequency divider,
the output port of the first frequency divider is coupled to the first input port of the frequency mixer,
the output port of the second frequency divider is coupled to the second input port of the frequency mixer, and
the output port of the frequency mixer is coupled to the output port of the frequency converter.
8. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the frequency converter comprises:
a first frequency divider;
a second frequency divider; and
a frequency mixer, wherein
the first frequency divider and the second frequency divider each comprising
an input port for receiving an input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal having a frequency that is a fraction of the frequency of the input signal, the frequency mixer comprising
a first input port for receiving a first input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal that is essentially the product of the first input signal and the second input signal, wherein
the input port of the frequency converter is coupled to the input port of the first frequency divider,
the output port of the first frequency divider is coupled to the first input port of the frequency mixer and to the input port of the second frequency divider,
the output port of the second frequency divider is coupled to the second input port of the frequency mixer, and
the output port of the frequency mixer is coupled to the output port of the frequency converter.
9. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the first output port of the oscillator circuit is connected to the first input port of the receiver via a fuse.
10. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 9 wherein the first input port of the receiver is disconnected from the first output port of the oscillator circuit when the fuse is blown.
11. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 1 wherein the at least one of the first detector, the second detector, the third detector, and the fourth detector comprises the first detector and the third detector.
12. An integrated circuit, comprising:
a frequency converter, wherein the frequency converter comprises
an input port, and
an output port;
a receiver, wherein the receiver comprises
a first input port for receiving a first oscillatory input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second oscillatory input signal, and
an output port for delivering an oscillatory output signal which is a function of both the first input signal and the second input signal; and
an oscillator circuit, wherein the oscillator circuit comprises
an output port for delivering an oscillatory signal,
wherein
the output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the first input port of the receiver and to the input port of the frequency converter,
the output port of the frequency converter is coupled to the second input port of the receiver to provide the second oscillatory input signal to the receiver, and
the first input port of the receiver may be disconnected from the first output port of the oscillator circuit without affecting the operability of the receiver; and
wherein,
the first output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the first input port of the receiver via a fuse, or
the coupling between the first output port of the oscillator circuit and the first input port of the receiver may be destroyed by sawing or by means of a focused ion beam or by chemical processes, or
the first input port of the receiver may be disconnected from the first output port of the oscillator circuit by cutting a die out of a substrate carrying the integrated circuit, the die comprising the receiver and not comprising the first output port of the oscillator.
13. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 12 wherein the receiver further comprises:
a frequency mixer comprising
a first input port for receiving a first input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal that is essentially the product of the first input signal and the second input signal, wherein
the first input port of the receiver is coupled to the first input port of the frequency mixer,
the second input port of the receiver is coupled to the second input port of the frequency mixer, and
the output port of the frequency mixer is coupled to the output port of the receiver.
14. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 12 wherein the oscillator circuit further comprises:
an oscillator having an output port for delivering the first oscillatory input signal to the first input port of the receiver and for delivering the first oscillatory input signal to the input port of the frequency converter.
15. An integrated circuit comprising:
a receiver, wherein the receiver comprises
a first input port for receiving a first oscillatory input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second oscillatory input signal, and
an output port for delivering an oscillatory output signal which is a function of both the first input signal and the second input signal;
an oscillator circuit, wherein the oscillator circuit comprises
a first output port for delivering a first oscillatory signal, and
a second output port for delivering a second oscillatory signal, wherein
the first output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the first input port of the receiver to test a function of the receiver,
the second output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the second input port of the receiver, and
the first input port of the receiver is uncoupled from the first output port of the oscillator circuit after the function of the receiver is tested; and
a plurality of receivers, wherein
the plurality of receivers comprises the receiver,
the first output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the first input port of each receiver of the plurality of receivers, and
the second output port of the oscillator circuit is coupled to the second input port of each receiver of the plurality of receivers.
16. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 15 wherein the receiver further comprises:
a frequency mixer comprising
a first input port for receiving a first input signal,
a second input port for receiving a second input signal, and
an output port for delivering an output signal that is essentially the product of the first input signal and the second input signal, wherein
the first input port of the receiver is coupled to the first input port of the frequency mixer,
the second input port of the receiver is coupled to the second input port of the frequency mixer, and
the output port of the frequency mixer is coupled to the output port of the receiver.
17. The integrated circuit as claimed in claim 15 wherein the oscillator circuit further comprises:
an oscillator having an output port for delivering the first oscillatory input signal.
18. A method comprising:
providing an integrated circuit including an oscillator and a receiver;
providing, at an output port of the oscillator, a first oscillatory input signal to a first input port of the receiver;
providing, at the output port of the oscillator, the first oscillatory input signal to an input port of a frequency converter;
providing, at an output port of the frequency converter, a second oscillatory input signal to a second input port of the receiver, wherein the second oscillatory input signal is based on the first oscillatory signal;
receiving, at a first input port of the receiver, the first oscillatory input signal;
receiving, at a second port of the receiver, the second oscillatory input signal; and
delivering, from an output port of the receiver, an oscillatory output signal, wherein the oscillatory output signal is a function of both the first oscillatory input signal and the second oscillatory input signal.
19. The method of claim 18 , further comprising:
testing the integrated circuit, wherein the testing comprises detecting at least one of a power or an amplitude of the oscillatory output signal; and
disconnecting the second input port of the receiver from the output port of the voltage converter in response to testing the integrated circuit.