Process for producing high flavour cocoa
The disclosure is directed to a process for the manufacture of roasted cocoa nibs. It is further directed to processes of producing cocoa liquor and cocoa powder from the roasted cocoa nibs.
1. A process for the manufacture of roasted cocoa beans or nibs, the process comprising:
heating cocoa beans or cocoa nibs having a moisture content of from 15 to 30 wt. % to a first holding temperature in the range of from 85 to 95° C.,
maintaining the cocoa beans or nibs at the first holding temperature for a period of 10 minutes or more and at least until the moisture content of the cocoa beans or nibs is less than 15 wt. %,
heating the cocoa beans or nibs from the first holding temperature to a second holding temperature in the range of from 130 to 140° C. at a rate of not more than 1° C./minute, and
maintaining the cocoa beans or nibs at the second holding temperature for a period of from 5 to 20 minutes, wherein the cocoa beans or nibs are kept in the temperature range of 115° C. and above for a total period of at least 35 minutes to provide roasted cocoa beans or roasted cocoa nibs,
wherein the total period from the heating of the cocoa beans or nibs to the first holding temperature to the end of the second holding temperature is in the range of from 100 to 150 minutes.
2. The process of claim 1 which uses cocoa nibs.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the heating of the cocoa beans or nibs is conducted in a drum roaster.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the cocoa beans or nibs are subjected to a pre-treatment, prior to the heating to the first holding temperature, comprising the addition of water under heating.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the water is added in the liquid state or in the form of steam under pressure.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises subjecting the cocoa beans or nibs to an alkalizing step using an alkalizing agent.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the alkalizing agent is selected from the group consisting of ammonium, potassium or sodium bicarbonates; ammonium, potassium or sodium carbonates; ammonium, potassium or sodium hydroxides, and combinations thereof.
8. The process of claim 6 , wherein the alkalizing step is followed by an aeration step, wherein the cocoa beans or nibs are contacted with an oxygen-containing gas.
9. The process of claim 8 , wherein the aeration step is followed by applying a vacuum to the cocoa beans or nibs.
10. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the alkalizing step is prior to heating to the first holding temperature.
11. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the alkalizing step is after the heating to the second holding temperature.
12. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the process further comprises de-shelling the roasted cocoa beans to obtain roasted cocoa nibs.
13. A process for the manufacture of cocoa liquor comprising cocoa solids and cocoa butter, the process comprising:
heating cocoa nibs having a moisture content of from 15 to 30 wt. % to a first holding temperature in the range of from 85 to 95° C.,
maintaining the cocoa nibs at the first holding temperature for a period of 10 minutes or more and at least until the moisture content of the cocoa nibs is less than 15 wt. %,
heating the cocoa nibs from the first holding temperature to a second holding temperature in the range of from 130 to 140° C. at a rate of not more than 1° C./minute,
maintaining the cocoa nibs at the second holding temperature for a period of from 5 to 20 minutes, wherein the cocoa nibs are kept in the temperature range of 115° C. and above for a total period of at least 35 minutes to provide roasted cocoa nibs,
wherein the total period from the heating of the cocoa nibs to the first holding temperature to the end of the second holding temperature is in the range of from 100 to 150 minutes, and
grinding the roasted cocoa nibs to provide cocoa liquor comprising cocoa solids and cocoa butter.
14. A process for the manufacture of cocoa powder, comprising the steps of manufacturing cocoa liquor in accordance with the process of claim 13 , followed by separating the cocoa solids from the cocoa butter.
15. A process for the manufacture of cocoa liquor comprising cocoa solids and cocoa butter, the process comprising:
heating cocoa beans having a moisture content of from 15 to 30 wt. % to a first holding temperature in the range of from 85 to 95° C.,
maintaining the cocoa beans at the first holding temperature for a period of 10 minutes or more and at least until the moisture content of the cocoa beans is less than 15 wt. %,
heating the cocoa beans from the first holding temperature to a second holding temperature in the range of from 130 to 140° C. at a rate of not more than 1° C./minute,
maintaining the cocoa beans at the second holding temperature for a period of from 5 to 20 minutes, wherein the cocoa beans are kept in the temperature range of 115° C. and above for a total period of at least 35 minutes to provide roasted cocoa beans,
wherein the total period from the heating of the cocoa beans to the first holding temperature to the end of the second holding temperature is in the range of from 100 to 150 minutes,
de-shelling the roasted cocoa beans to obtain roasted cocoa nibs, and
grinding the roasted cocoa nibs to provide cocoa liquor comprising cocoa solids and cocoa butter.
16. A process for the manufacture of cocoa powder, comprising the steps of manufacturing cocoa liquor in accordance with the process of claim 15 , followed by separating the cocoa solids from the cocoa butter.