Anionic charge-dynamic polymers for release of cationic agents
Materials and Methods for the generation of polyelectrolyte multilayers that can erode to release cationic components. The multilayers comprise layers that contain one or more cations and one or more charge-dynamic anionic polymers. Charge-dynamic anionic polymers contain side chains having removable functional groups. Removal of the functional groups results in a change in the net change in the charge of the polymer which can disrupt interactions between cations and the anionic polymers and facilitate release of cations.
1. A composition comprising one or more cations and an anionic polymer, wherein an interpolyelectrolyte complex is formed between the anionic polymer and the one or more cations and wherein the anionic polymer comprises a polymeric backbone formed from repeat units, and one or more removable functional groups attached to the polymeric backbone and distributed throughout the anionic polymer, and has an anionic charge density which decreases when one or more of the removable functional groups is removed from the anionic polymer and wherein the anionic polymer is a polymer other than poly(lysine).
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cations are selected from a protein, a peptide, a small molecule, a natural polymer or a synthetic polymer.
3. A composition of claim 1 further comprising one or more neutral, zwitterionic, anionic, or cationic therapeutic, diagnostic or prophylactic agents.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the anionic polymer has the formula:
where r is an integer ranging from 5 to 100,000, x and y are numbers representing the mole percent of the indicated side chains in the polymer where x+y is 1 and y represents from 10 to 100 mole percent of amide side chain, and wherein x can be zero, the wavy line represents a linker which covalently attaches the primary amine or the amide to the polymer backbone, n is 0 or 1, dotted lines indicate optional bonds, if R 3 and R 4 are absent the bond in the ring is a double bond; and where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 and R 4 are selected from optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups and wherein R 1 and R 2 can together form an optionally substituted 5-10 member carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may be aryl or heteroaryl or which can contain one or two double bonds, where optional substituents include one or more halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups —CN, alkoxyl, —COOH (or —COO − ), —COOR, or —CON(R′) 2 , where R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic and each R′ is hydrogen or R.
5. A polyelectrolyte multilayer wherein at least one layer comprises an anionic polymer and a cation, wherein the anionic polymer comprises a polymeric backbone formed from repeat units, and one or more removable functional groups attached to the polymeric backbone and distributed throughout the anionic polymer, and has an anionic charge density which decreases when one or more of the removable functional groups is removed from the anionic polymer and wherein the anionic polymer is a polymer other than poly(lysine).
6. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 , wherein the one or more removable functional groups of the anionic polymer are anionic.
7. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 , wherein the one or more removable anionic functional groups are linked to the polymer backbone by an amide linkage.
8. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 , wherein the anionic polymer has the formula:
where r is an integer ranging from 5 to 100,000, x and y are numbers representing the mole percent of the indicated side chains in the polymer where x+y is 1 and y represents from 10 to 100 mole percent of amide side chain, and wherein x can be zero, the wavy line represents a linker which covalently attaches the primary amine or the amide to the polymer backbone, n is 0 or 1, dotted lines indicate optional bonds, if R 3 and R 4 are absent the bond in the ring is a double bond; and where R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 and R 4 are selected from optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic and heterocyclic groups and wherein R 1 and R 2 can together form an optionally substituted 5-10 member carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring which may be aryl or heteroaryl or which can contain one or two double bonds, where optional substituents include one or more halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups —CN, alkoxyl, —COOH (or —COO − ), —COOR, or —CON(R′) 2 , where R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic and each R′ is hydrogen or R.
9. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 8 , wherein the linker to the polymer backbone is an alkylene or alkyleneoxy linker.
10. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 8 , wherein the polymer contains two or more different amide side chains, where any of the variables R 1 -R 4 in the different amide side chains are different, n is different or the optionally double bond in the amide is present or absent.
11. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 10 , wherein the two different amide side chains are stereoisomers.
12. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 , wherein the anionic polymer has the formula:
where r is an integer ranging from 5 to 100,000, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 10, y1 and y2 are each integers representing the mole percent of the indicated side chains compared to the total of y1+y2 in the polymer and R 1 is selected from optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic and heterocyclic where optional substituents include one or more halogen, hydroxyl, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic groups, —CN, alkoxyl, —COOH (or —COO − ), —COOR, or —CON(R′) 2 , where R is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, carbocyclic or heterocyclic and each R′ is hydrogen or R.
13. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 , wherein the anionic polymer is a copolymer.
14. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 wherein the anionic polymer is a block copolymer wherein at least one block comprises the anionic polymer.
15. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 wherein the anionic polymer has formula:
where r is an integer ranging from 5 to 100,000, m is 1-6, y 1 and y 2 are numbers representing the mole percent of the indicated side group where y 1 +y 2 is 1; and R 1 is an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl group.
16. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 15 , wherein in the anionic polymer y 1 ranges from 0.1 to 0.9.
17. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 , wherein the anionic polymer has formula:
where r is an integer ranging from 5 to 100,000, m is 1-6, y 1 , y 2 and y 3 are numbers representing the mole percent of the indicated side group where y 1 +y 2 +y 3 is 1; and R 1 is an optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl group.
18. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 17 , wherein in the anionic polymer y 3 ranges from 0.01 to 0.90 or y 3 ranges from 0.25 to 0.50.
19. A method for controlled delivery of a neutral, zwitteronic, anionic or cationic agent to a selected environment which comprises the steps of:
forming a polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 comprising one or more cations, an anionic polymer and a neutral, zwitterionic, anionic, or cationic agent, where the polyelectrolyte multilayer is in contact with the selected environment; and
selectively removing one or more functional groups from the anionic polymer, thereby decreasing the anionic charge of the polymer, disrupting at least one layer of the multilayer and releasing the one or more cations and the neutral, zwitterionic, anionic, or cationic agent into the selected environment.
20. The method of claim 19 wherein the agent is a cationic agent.
21. The polyelectrolyte multilayer of claim 5 wherein the anionic polymer has formula: