Integrated ion separation spectrometer
An apparatus including an ion injector having an inlet and an outlet and a micro-corona ionizer positioned between the inlet and the outlet of the ion injector. A drift and separation channel having a first end and a second end is positioned with the first end coupled to outlet of the ion injector, and an ion detector is coupled to the second end of the ion separation and drift channel. Other embodiments are disclosed and claimed.
1. An apparatus comprising:
an ion injector having an inlet and an outlet;
a micro-corona ionizer positioned between the inlet and the outlet of the ion injector;
a drift and separation channel having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled to outlet of the ion injector, the drift and separation channel including:
a first channel wall having a first set of separation electrodes thereon comprising a plurality of electrically coupled individual separation electrodes with resistors electrically coupled between one or more pairs of individual electrodes, the first set of separation electrodes being coupled to a first direct current (DC) voltage source, and
a second channel wall having a second set of separation electrodes thereon comprising a plurality of electrically coupled individual separation electrodes with resistors electrically coupled between one or more pairs of individual electrodes, the second set of separation electrodes being spaced apart from the first set of separation electrodes and coupled to a second DC voltage source, wherein the first and second DC voltage sources are the only voltage sources coupled to the separation electrodes; and
an ion detector coupled to the second end of the ion separation and drift channel.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the micro-corona ionizer comprises:
a planar electrode; and
a sharp knife-edged electrode spaced apart from the planar electrode and positioned with the sharp tip pointing toward the planar electrode.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a voltage source coupled to the planar electrode and the sharp knife-edged electrode.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ion injector comprises:
a first pair of injection electrodes; and
a second pair of injection electrodes spaced apart from the first pair of injection electrodes.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein the micro-corona ionizer is positioned between the first pair of injection electrodes and the second pair of injection electrodes.
6. The apparatus of claim 4 , further comprising a voltage source coupled between the first pair of injection electrodes and the second pair of injection electrodes.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the voltage applied to the first set of separation electrodes is different than the voltage applied to the second set of separation electrodes.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spacing between the first set of separation electrodes and the second set of separation electrodes is constant.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the spacing between the first set of separation electrodes and the second set of separation electrodes varies from the first end of the channel to the second end of the channel.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the ion detector comprises an array of at least two sensor electrodes positioned about a centerline of the drift and separation channel.
11. The apparatus of claim 10 , further comprising a reading circuit and logic coupled to the array of sensor electrodes to sense and read signals generated by each sensor electrode.
12. The apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising a conditioning circuit and logic coupled to the reading circuitry to condition signals received from the reading circuit.
13. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the resistors in each set of separation electrodes are positioned on an outside wall of the drift and separation channel.
14. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the resistors in each set of separation electrodes are connected in series between the one or more pairs of individual electrodes.
15. A process comprising:
ionizing chemicals in a gas sample using a micro-corona ionizer;
injecting the ionized chemicals into a drift and separation channel, the drift and separation channel including:
a first channel wall having a first set of separation electrodes thereon comprising a plurality of electrically coupled individual separation electrodes with resistors electrically coupled between one or more pairs of individual electrodes, the first set of separation electrodes being coupled to a first direct current (DC) voltage source, and
a second channel wall having a second set of separation electrodes thereon comprising a plurality of electrically coupled individual separation electrodes with resistors electrically coupled between one or more pairs of individual electrodes, the second set of separation electrodes being spaced apart from the first set of separation electrodes and coupled to a second DC voltage source, wherein the first and second DC voltage sources are the only voltage sources coupled to the separation electrodes;
time-domain separating the chemical ions from each other in the drift and separation channel; and
detecting the time-domain separated chemical ions.
16. The process of claim 15 wherein ionizing chemicals in the gas sample using the micro-corona ionizer comprises:
directing the gas sample into a space between a planar electrode and a sharp knife-edged electrode spaced apart from the planar electrode, wherein the sharp knife-edged electrode is positioned with the sharp tip pointing toward the planar electrode; and
applying a voltage between the planar electrode and the sharp knife-edged electrode.
17. The process of claim 15 wherein injecting the ionized chemicals comprises:
positioning the ionized chemicals between a first pair of injection electrodes and a second pair of injection electrodes spaced apart from the first pair of injection electrodes; and
applying a voltage between the first pair of injection electrodes and the second pair of injection electrodes.
18. The process of claim 15 wherein time-domain separating the chemical ions from each other comprises:
injecting the chemical ions into a drift and separation channel between a first set of separation electrodes and a second set of separation electrodes spaced apart from the first set of separation electrodes; and
applying a direct current (DC) voltage to the first set of separation electrodes and to the second set of separation electrodes.
19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the voltage applied to the first set of separation electrodes is different than the voltage applied to the second set of separation electrodes.
20. The process of claim 15 wherein detecting the time-domain separated chemical ions comprises:
receiving the time-domain separated chemical ions at an array of at least two sensor electrodes; and
generating a signal in each electrode indicative of the ions received at that electrode.
21. The process of claim 20 , further comprising reading the signals generated by the sensor electrodes.
22. The process of claim 21 , further comprising conditioning signals read from the sensor electrodes.
23. The process of claim 15 wherein the resistors in each set of separation electrodes are positioned on an outside wall of the drift and separation channel.
24. The process of claim 15 wherein the resistors in each set of separation electrodes are connected in series between the one or more pairs of individual electrodes.
25. A system comprising:
a gas chromatograph having an inlet and an outlet;
a detector coupled to the outlet of the gas chromatograph, the detector comprising:
an ion injector having an inlet and an outlet, wherein the inlet of the ion injector is coupled to the outlet of the gas chromatograph;
a micro-corona ionizer positioned between the inlet and the outlet of the ion injector;
an ion separation and drift channel having a first end and a second end, the first end being coupled to outlet of the ion injector, the drift and separation channel including:
a first channel wall having a first set of separation electrodes thereon comprising a plurality of electrically coupled individual separation electrodes with resistors electrically coupled between one or more pairs of individual electrodes, the first set of separation electrodes being coupled to a first direct current (DC) voltage source, and
a second channel wall having a second set of separation electrodes thereon comprising a plurality of electrically coupled individual separation electrodes with resistors electrically coupled between one or more pairs of individual electrodes, the second set of separation electrodes being spaced apart from the first set of separation electrodes and coupled to a second DC voltage source, wherein the first and second DC voltage sources are the only voltage sources coupled to the separation electrodes; and
an ion detector coupled to the second end of the ion separation and drift channel.
26. The system of claim 25 wherein the micro-corona ionizer comprises:
a planar electrode; and
a sharp knife-edged electrode spaced apart from the planar electrode and positioned with the sharp tip pointing toward the planar electrode.
27. The system of claim 26 , further comprising a voltage source coupled to the planar electrode and the sharp knife-edged electrode.
28. The system of claim 25 wherein the ion injector comprises:
a first pair of injection electrodes; and
a second pair of injection electrodes spaced apart from the first pair of injection electrodes.
29. The system of claim 28 wherein the micro-corona ionizer is positioned between the first pair of injection electrodes and the second pair of injection electrodes.
30. The system of claim 28 , further comprising a voltage source coupled between the first pair of injection electrodes and the second pair of injection electrodes.
31. The system of claim 25 wherein the voltage applied to the first set of separation electrodes is different than the voltage applied to the second set of separation electrodes.
32. The system of claim 25 wherein the spacing between the first set of separation electrodes and the second set of separation electrodes is constant.
33. The system of claim 25 wherein the spacing between the first set of separation electrodes and the second set of separation electrodes varies from the first end of the channel to the second end of the channel.
34. The system of claim 25 wherein the ion detector comprises an array of at least two sensor electrodes positioned about a centerline of the drift and separation channel.
35. The system of claim 34 , further comprising a reading circuit and logic coupled to the array of sensor electrodes to sense and read signals generated by each sensor electrode.
36. The system of claim 34 , further comprising a conditioning circuit and logic coupled to the reading circuit to condition signals received from the reading circuit.
37. The system of claim 36 , further comprising a processing circuit and logic coupled to the conditioning circuitry to process the conditioned signals.
38. The system of claim 37 , further comprising a control circuit and logic coupled to the ion sensor, the gas chromatograph, and the processing circuit.
39. The system of claim 25 , further comprising a pre-concentrator coupled to the inlet of the gas chromatograph.
40. The system of claim 25 wherein the resistors in each set of separation electrodes are positioned on an outside wall of the drift and separation channel.
41. The system of claim 25 wherein the resistors in each set of separation electrodes are connected in series between the one or more pairs of individual electrodes.