Method and apparatus for monitoring the surfaces of slag and molten metal in a mould
A method for monitoring the surfaces of slag and molten metal in a mold of a continuous casting apparatus, using radar equipment is disclosed. The radar equipment emits a beam of electromagnetic waves having a bandwidth of at least 20 GHz. This also relates to an apparatus for using the method.
1. Method for monitoring the surfaces of slag and molten metal in a mould, tundish or ladle of a continuous casting apparatus, comprising directing a beam of electromagnetic waves emitted from radar equipment towards the surfaces of the slag and molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle, wherein the beam emitted from the radar equipment has a bandwidth of at least 20 GHz.
2. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the radar equipment emits a beam of electromagnetic waves having a bandwidth of at least 30 GHz.
3. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the beam forms a frequency modulated continuous wave or quasi-stepped frequency modulated wave.
4. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the radar equipment has been positioned to the side of the mould, tundish or ladle and the beam of electromagnetic waves is directed towards the slag and molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle using a deflection device.
5. Method according to claim 4 , wherein the electromagnetic waves travel over a distance between the radar equipment and the steel surface from 0.5 to 5 meter.
6. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the radar equipment uses a leaky lens antenna for emitting the beam of electromagnetic waves.
7. Method according to claim 6 , wherein the beam of electromagnetic waves is focused using a lens.
8. Method according to claim 7 , wherein the lens focuses the beam of electromagnetic waves to a spot having a diameter of 3 to 5 cm on the metal surface.
9. Method according to claim 8 , wherein the spot is moved over the metal surface to form an image of the shape of the metal surface.
10. Method according to claim 9 , wherein the spot is moved over the metal surface using a rotation of a deflection device.
11. Method according to claim 9 , wherein the spot is moved over the metal surface to scan the metal surface and form a number of images of the metal surface per second.
12. Method according to claim 11 , wherein the moving spot is also used to scan the surface of the slag layer and to measure the thickness of the slag layer.
13. Method according to claim 9 , wherein the spot is also used to form an image of the slag layer and to measure the thickness of the slag layer.
14. Method according to claim 8 , wherein using the beam of electromagnetic waves a number of measurements of the level of the molten metal per second is performed.
15. Method according to claim 7 , wherein using the beam of electromagnetic waves a number of measurements of the level of the molten metal per second is performed.
16. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the radar equipment uses a leaky lens antenna having an opening angle of 30 degrees or less for emitting the beam of electromagnetic waves.
17. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the radar equipment has been positioned to the side of the mould, tundish or ladle and a mirror directs the beam of electromagnetic waves towards the slag and molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle.
18. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the radar equipment has been positioned to the side of the mould, tundish or ladle and a mirror directs the beam of electromagnetic waves downwardly toward the slag an molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle.
19. Method according to claim 1 , wherein the slag is supplied as slag powder.
20. Method according to claim 1 , wherein there is no cover over the mould, tundish or ladle.
21. Apparatus for monitoring the surfaces of slag and molten metal in a mould, tundish or ladle of a continuous casting apparatus, comprising:
radar equipment for emitting a beam of electromagnetic waves having a bandwidth of at least 20 GHz towards the surfaces of slag and molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle.
22. Apparatus according to claim 21 , wherein the beam has a bandwidth of 30 GHz.
23. Apparatus according to claim 21 wherein a deflection device is part of the apparatus to direct the beam towards the slag and molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle.
24. Apparatus according to claim 21 , wherein the radar equipment uses a leaky lens antenna.
25. Apparatus according to claim 24 , wherein a lens is placed before the leaky lens antenna to focus the beam to a spot on the surface of the molten metal.
26. Apparatus according to claim 25 , wherein the lens has been chosen to focus the beam over a distance of from 0.5 to 5 m.
27. Apparatus according to claim 26 , wherein a rotatable deflection device is placed after the lens to be able to move the spot over the metal surface.
28. Apparatus according to claim 21 , comprising the mould, tundish or ladle.
29. Method for monitoring the surfaces of slag and molten metal in a mould, tundish or ladle of a continuous casting apparatus, comprising directing a beam of electromagnetic waves emitted from radar equipment using a leaky lens antenna towards the surfaces of the slag and molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle, wherein the beam emitted from the radar equipment has a bandwidth of at least 30 GHz, wherein
the beam forms a frequency modulated continuous wave or quasi-stepped frequency modulated wave,
the radar equipment has been positioned to the side of the mould, tundish or ladle and the beam of electromagnetic waves is directed towards the slag and molten metal in the mould, tundish or ladle using a deflection device,
the slag is supplied as a slag powder, and
there is no cover over the mould, tundish or ladle.