Determining patient-ventilator breath contribution index in spontaneously breathing, mechanically ventilated patients
The present invention relates to a system and method for determining a patient-ventilator breath contribution index in a spontaneously breathing, mechanically ventilated patient. A patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist and a patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist are calculated and used to determine the patient-ventilator breath contribution index.
1. A method for determining a patient-ventilator breath contribution index in a spontaneously breathing, mechanically ventilated patient, comprising:
measuring electrical activity of a patient's respiratory muscle during inspiration and without mechanical ventilatory assist;
measuring a patient's inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist;
calculating a patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist as a first ratio between the inspiratory volume measured without mechanical ventilatory assist and the electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle measured without mechanical ventilatory assist;
measuring electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle during inspiration and with mechanical ventilatory assist;
measuring a patient's inspiratory volume with mechanical inspiratory assist;
calculating a patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist as a second ratio between the inspiratory volume measured with mechanical ventilatory assist and the electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle measured with mechanical ventilatory assist; and
calculating the patient-ventilator breath contribution index as a third ratio between the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist and the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein calculating the patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist comprises calculating the first ratio as a ratio of the inspiratory volume measured without mechanical ventilatory assist over the electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle measured without mechanical ventilatory assist.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the patient's respiratory muscle is the patient's diaphragm.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein the patient's inspiratory volume is a tidal inspiratory volume.
5. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein calculating the patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist comprises calculating the second ratio as a ratio of the inspiratory volume measured with mechanical ventilatory assist over the electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle measured with mechanical ventilatory assist.
6. A method as defined in claim 1 , wherein calculating the patient-ventilator breath contribution index comprises calculating the third ratio as a ratio of the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist over the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist.
7. A system for determining a patient-ventilator breath contribution index in a spontaneously breathing, mechanically ventilated patient, comprising:
a first detector of electrical activity of a patient's respiratory muscle during inspiration without mechanical ventilatory assist and with mechanical ventilatory assist;
a second detector of a patient's inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist and with mechanical ventilatory assist; and
a calculator determining:
a patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist as a first ratio between the detected patient's inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist and the detected electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle during inspiration and without mechanical ventilatory assist;
a patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist as a second ratio between the detected patient's inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist and the detected electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle during inspiration and with mechanical ventilatory assist; and
the patient-ventilator breath contribution index as a third ratio between the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist and the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist.
8. A system as defined in claim 7 , wherein the calculator calculates the first ratio as a ratio of the detected patient's inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist over the detected electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle during inspiration and without mechanical ventilatory assist.
9. A system as defined in claim 7 , wherein the patient's respiratory muscle is the patient's diaphragm.
10. A system as defined in claim 9 , wherein the first detector comprises an array of electrodes mounted on a free end section of a catheter for positioning at the level of the patient's diaphragm to sense signals representative of the electrical activity of the patient's diaphragm, and wherein the calculator is responsive to the signals sensed by the array of electrodes to produce a measurement of the electrical activity of the patient's diaphragm.
11. A system as defined in claim 7 , wherein the patient's inspiratory volume is a tidal inspiratory volume.
12. A system as defined in claim 11 , wherein the second detector comprises a detector of a patient's inspiratory flow and an integrator of the detected patient's inspiratory flow.
13. A system as defined in claim 7 , wherein the calculator calculates the second ratio as a ratio of the detected patient's inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist over the detected electrical activity of the patient's respiratory muscle during inspiration and with mechanical ventilatory assist.
14. A system as defined in claim 7 , wherein the calculator calculates the third ratio as a ratio of the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume without mechanical ventilatory assist over the calculated patient's efficiency to generate an inspiratory volume with mechanical ventilatory assist.