Yeast membrane protein expression system and its application in drug screening
The invention relates to an in vitro cell based expression system for overexpressing heterologous pump proteins associated with drug resistance into the membrane of the host cell for drug screening applications.
1. A protein expression system comprising:
i) a host yeast cell comprising a mutant strain deficient in one or more naturally occurring drug efflux pump proteins; and
ii) a plasmid vector pABC3 containing the coding sequence for a target heterologous membrane protein, said sequence being under the control of a PDR5 promoter.
2. A protein expression system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the host cell is a yeast cell of the genus Saccharoimyces.
3. A protein expression system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the host cell is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AD1-8u − strain.
4. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the host cell contains a mutation that leads to the formation of secretory vesicles whose ability to fuse with the plasma membrane is temperature sensitive.
5. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 4 , wherein the host cell is a sec6-4 mutant of the AD1-8u − strain.
6. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the coding sequence of the target heterologous membrane protein and PDR5 promoter are incorporated into the genome of the host cell.
7. A protein expression system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the coding sequence comprises the entire natural coding sequence of the target heterologous membrane protein.
8. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the target heterologous membrane protein is a drug efflux pump protein selected from the group consisting of pump proteins involved in multidrug resistance in fungi, P-glycoprotein, and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
9. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the target heterologous membrane protein is a drug efflux pump protein.
10. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 9 , where the target heterologous membrane protein is selected from the group consisting of Candida albicans Cdr1p, Candida albicans Cdr2p, Candida galbrata Cdr1p and Candida albicans Pdh1p.
11. A protein expression system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the target heterologous membrane protein is of a different class to the class of one or more naturally occurring drug efflux pump proteins which have been deleted from the host cell.
12. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 11 wherein the target heterologous membrane protein is selected from the Candida albicans Ben R P and Erg11p.
13. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 6 , wherein the host cell is Saccharomyces cerevisiae , and wherein the PDR5 promoter is under the control of a transcriptional regulator so as to induce over-expression of the target heterologous membrane protein coding sequence in the membrane of the host cell.
14. The protein expression system as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the transcriptional regulator is the Pdr1-3p transcriptional regulator.
15. A method of screening compounds to identify pharmaceuticals or agrochemicals comprising the steps of:
i) transforming the chromosomal DNA of a host yeast cell with DNA comprising a mutant strain deficient in one or more naturally occurring drug efflux pump proteins, with a vector, pABC3 containing a coding sequence for a target heterologous membrane efflux pump protein, said sequence being under the control of a PDR5 promoter;
ii) introducing at least one candidate compound to said host cell environment or the environment of a plasma membrane fraction derived from the transformed host strain; and
iii) measuring the effect, if any, of the candidate compound on the host cell growth and/or viability and/or specific biochemical or physiological functions mediated by the target membrane protein; and/or measuring the binding of the candidate compound to the target cell membrane protein.
16. The method as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the host cell is a yeast cell of the genus Saccharomyces.
17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the host cell is the Saccharomyces cerevisiae AD1-8u − strain.
18. The method as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the host cell is a sec6-4 mutant of the AD1-8u strain.
19. The method as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the drug efflux drug pump protein is selected from the group consisting of pump proteins involved in multidrug resistance in fungi, the P-glycoprotein, and the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator.
20. The method as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the candidate compound is an efflux pump inhibitor.
21. The method as claimed in claim 15 , wherein the host cell comprises a Pdr1-3p transcriptional regulator.
22. A plasmid vector pABC3.
23. A kit for screening for drugs useful as a pharmaceutical or agrochemical comprising:
(i) a host yeast cell comprising mutant strain deficient in one or more naturally occurring drug efflux pump proteins:
(ii) a plasmid vector, pABC3; and
(iii) instructions to carry out insertion of a coding sequence of a target heterologous membrane protein into said pABC3 plasmid vector, said transformation, and drug screening procedures.
24. The kit as claimed in claim 23 wherein said host cell comprises S. cerevisiae AD1-8u − and coding sequence of a heterologous drug efflux pump protein under the control of a PDR5 promoter.
25. The kit as claimed in claim 23 , wherein said drug efflux pump protein is selected from the group comprising C albicans Cdr1p, Cdr2p, Ber R p, Erg11p, and C. galbrata Cdr1p and Pdh1p.