MEMS resonator
A MEMS resonator comprises a resonator body ( 34 ), and an anchor ( 32 ) which provides a fixed connection between the resonator body ( 34 ) and a support body. A resistive heating element (R 1 ,R 2 ) and a feedback control system are used to maintain the resonator body ( 34 ) at a constant temperature. A location for thermally coupling the anchor ( 32 ) to the resistive heating element (R 1 ,R 2 ) is selected which has a lowest dependency of its temperature on the ambient temperature during the operation of the feedback control.
1. A MEMS resonator, comprising:
a resonator body;
an anchor, which provides a fixed connection between the resonator body and a support body;
a resistive heating element having a first end, a second end, and an elongated portion extending from the first end to the second end, a length of the elongated portion including a plurality of 0.1 μm segments, each of the segments having a respective dependency of its temperature on ambient temperature during operation of the resistive heating element; and
a feedback control system configured and arranged to control the resistive heating element to provide heating to maintain the resonator body at a constant temperature,
wherein the first and second ends of the resistive heating element are exposed to ambient temperature,
wherein the resistive heating element is configured and arranged to provide an output voltage which is supplied to the feedback control system for maintaining a fixed temperature of the resonator body based on the output voltage,
and wherein the anchor is coupled to the one of the plurality of segments having the lowest dependency of its temperature on the ambient temperature; and
wherein the resistive heating element comprises first and second resistors in series, with the output voltage defined at a junction between the resistors.
2. A MEMS resonator as in claim 1 , wherein the resistive heating element comprises first and second portions which are aligned end to end which define the first and second resistors, and a perpendicular portion extending from the junction between the first and second portions, and which defines an output spur.
3. A MEMS resonator as in claim 2 , wherein the first and second portions have different temperature dependency of their electrical resistance.
4. A MEMS resonator as in claim 1 , wherein the feedback control system comprises a Wheatstone bridge defined by the first and second resistors forming a first branch, and third and fourth series-connected resistors forming a second, parallel, branch.
5. A MEMS resonator as in claim 4 , wherein the feedback control system further comprises a differential amplifier which receives as inputs the voltage at the junction between the first and second resistors, and the voltage at the junction between the third and fourth resistors, the output of the amplifier being provided to one end of the two branches.
6. A MEMS resonator as in claim 1 , wherein the anchor location of the resistive heating element is different to the point from which the output voltage is derived, and wherein the anchor is coupled at neither the first end nor the second end.
7. A method of designing a MEMS resonator system, the resonator having a resonator body, and an anchor which provides a fixed connection between the resonator body and a support body, the method comprising:
providing a resistive heating element having first and second ends, which are exposed to ambient temperature, and an elongated portion extending from the first end to the second end, a length of the elongated portion including a plurality of segments between the first end and the second end, each of the segments having a respective dependency of its temperature on ambient temperature during operation of the resistive heating element;
providing a feedback control system for controlling the resistive heating element to provide heating to maintain the resonator body at a constant temperature, and
selecting a location for coupling the anchor to one of the plurality of segments having the lowest dependency of its temperature on the ambient temperature, the location being at an inner region of the elongated portion that is between the first end and the second end.
8. A method of controlling a MEMS resonator having a resonator body an anchor, which provides a fixed connection between the resonator body and a support body, and a resistive heating element including first and second ends, which are exposed to ambient temperature, and an elongated portion extending from the first end to the second end, a length of the elongated portion including a plurality of segments, each of the segments having a respective dependency of its temperature on ambient temperature during operation of the resistive heating element, the method comprising:
coupling the anchor to a location of the resistive heating element between the ends at an inner location along the elongated portion,
deriving an output voltage from the resistive heating element, and supplying it to a feedback control system for maintaining a fixed temperature of the resonator body based on the output voltage, by controlling the resistive heating element, and
coupling the MEMS resonator to one of the plurality of segments having the lowest dependency of its temperature on the ambient temperature; and
wherein the resistive heating element comprises first and second resistors in series, with the output voltage defined at a junction between the resistors.
9. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the feedback control system comprises a Wheatstone bridge circuit.
10. A MEMS resonator as in claim 1 , wherein the resistive heating element is an elongate resistive track.
11. A method as in claim 7 , wherein the resistive heating element is an elongate resistive track.
12. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the resistive heating element is an elongate resistive track.
13. The MEMS resonator as in claim 1 , wherein the anchor is coupled to one of the plurality of segments that is configured and arranged to remain at a substantially constant temperature during the operation of the feedback control.
14. A method as in claim 7 , wherein the provided resistive heating element further comprises first and second resistors in series, with an output voltage defined at a junction between the first and second portions, and which defines an output spur.
15. A method as in claim 7 , wherein the anchor is coupled at neither the first end nor the second end.
16. A MEMS resonator, comprising:
a resonator body;
an anchor, which provides a fixed connection between the resonator body and a support body;
a resistive heating element having a first end, a second end, and an elongated portion extending from the first end to the second end, a length of the elongated portion including a plurality of 0.1 μm segments, each of the segments having a respective dependency of its temperature on ambient temperature during operation of the resistive heating element; and
a feedback control system configured and arranged to control the resistive heating element to provide heating to maintain the resonator body at a constant temperature,
wherein the first and second ends of the resistive heating element are exposed to ambient temperature,
wherein the resistive heating element is configured and arranged to provide an output voltage which is supplied to the feedback control system for maintaining a fixed temperature of the resonator body based on the output voltage,
and wherein the anchor is coupled to the one of the plurality of segments having the lowest dependency of its temperature on the ambient temperature; and
wherein the anchor is coupled at neither the first end nor the second end.