Polyolefin dispersions, froths, and foams
Polyolefin dispersions, froths, and foams and articles manufactured therefrom are disclosed. Also disclosed is a method for generating a thermoplastic foam from an aqueous dispersion. The aqueous dispersion may include a thermoplastic resin, water, and a stabilizing agent. The method may include adding at least one frothing surfactant to the aqueous dispersion to form a mixture, adding a flame retardant and/or a phase change material, frothing the mixture to create a froth, and removing at least a portion of the water to produce the foam.
1. An open-cell flame retardant foam derived from an aqueous froth comprising:
a) a thermoplastic resin comprising an ethylene homopolymer, an ethylene/α-olefin copolymer, or an ethylene/α-olefin multiblock interpolymer; a polypropylene homopolymer, a propylene/α-olefin copolymer, or a propylene/α-olefin multiblock interpolymer; or combinations thereof;
b) water;
c) a frothing surfactant comprising at least one of alkylcellulose ethers, hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers, hydroxyalkyl alkylcellulose ethers, guar gum, xanthan gum, and polyoxyethylene resins of at least 20,000 molecular weight;
d) a gas;
e) at least one flame retardant comprising at least one selected from an inorganic salt, an intumescent, a halogenated compound, a phosphate compound, a borate compound, a melamine compound, and combinations thereof; and
f) a dispersion-stabilizing agent;
wherein the froth comprises from about 15 to 75 weight percent component (a), from about 25 to 75 weight percent component (b), from about 0.1 to 10 weight percent component (c), from about 5 to 50 weight percent component (e), and wherein (d) is present in an amount such that (d) comprises at least 10 percent of the total volume of all components present in the froth; and
wherein the at least one flame retardant comprises from about 5 to about 70% of a total weight of the thermoplastic resin, the at least one stabilizing agent and the at least one flame retardant.
2. The foam of claim 1 , wherein the cell size of the majority of cells of the foam ranges between about 5 and about 1000 microns.
3. The foam of claim 1 , wherein the foam has a horizontal burn length of 80% or lower than a non-flame retardant control sample according to ASTM D4986 Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric Materials.
4. The foam of claim 1 , wherein the density of the foam on a dry basis is between about 0.02 g/cm 3 and about 0.30 g/cm 3 .
5. A laminated structure comprising (a) at least one layer of the foam of claim 1 , and (b) at least one substrate layer to which the foam layer (a) is adhered.
6. The laminated structure of claim 5 , wherein the at least one substrate layer is selected from a layer of a foam, a thermoplastic sheet or film, a woven or non-woven fabric, fiberglass, or melt spun bonded or melt blown material.
7. The laminated structure of claim 5 , wherein the foam layer has a density different from that of the substrate.
8. The laminated structure of claim 5 , wherein the foam layer comprises at least a first and a second layer of the foam of claim 1 , and wherein the first layer has a density different from that of the second layer.
9. A flame retardant article comprising the laminated structure of claim 5 .