Anchoring device and its implementation

1. A tissue anchor formed of a material which is compatible for location in human and/or animal muscle and/or ligament tissue and/or tissue, the anchor comprising:

a base and a head, the head including a plurality of tapered prongs that form a barbed configuration to facilitate insertion of the head into the tissue and retention of the anchor following insertion of the head in the tissue, the base including an aperture having a longitudinal length between a first side and a second side and a locking element, said locking element extending from said first side of the aperture to terminate at a free end closely adjacent to said second side of the aperture to define a space between the free end of the locking element and the second side of the aperture for receiving a filamentary element, the locking element arranged to flex in a first direction out of the plane of the aperture and be resistant to movement in a second direction out of the plane of the aperture, the locking element having a first face facing the first direction and a second face facing the second direction, the locking element further including a set of teeth arranged to engage with the filamentary element when it is pulled in the second direction through the space, the set of teeth are defined by spaced slots extending from the first face to the second face, the set of teeth and flexure of the locking element thereby permitting the filamentary element to be pulled in the first direction through the space whilst preventing the filamentary element from being pulled in the second direction through the space, wherein the free end of the locking element has a convex arcuate configuration and the space is annular.

2. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the space has a configuration substantially corresponding to the cross section of the filamentary element.

3. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 2 wherein the space has a configuration corresponding to the cross sectional configuration of the filamentary element when under longitudinal tension.

4. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the space is located substantially centrally across the central lonaitudinal axis of the anchor.

5. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the locking member is inclined with respect to the base.

6. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the prongs are located in substantially equidistant spacing around the central axis of the head, and the prongs diverge away from the end of the head in the direction of the base.

7. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the outer end of the prongs are pointed.

8. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the prongs are resiliently flexible along their length.

9. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 wherein the locking element forms a flexible junction with the aperture such that movement of the locking element in said one direction increases the space between the second edge of the aperture and the locking element, and movement of the locking element in said opposite direction acts to decrease the space between the second edge of the aperture and the locking element.

10. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the head is formed with a pointed tip.

11. A tissue anchor as claimed in claim 1 , wherein said prongs extend radially backward from said head.

12. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 wherein the free end of the locking element has an end face that diverges away from the second side of the aperture towards the second direction.

13. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 wherein the configuration of the space between the free end of the locking element and the second side of the aperture causes the filamentary element to furrow in its passage through the space so as to engage with the free end of the locking element when it is pulled in the second direction through the space.

14. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 wherein the filamentary element is a woven or knitted tape.

15. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 wherein the spaced slots are formed in an edge of the locking element.

16. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 including four tapered prongs.

17. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 wherein the aperture is located in the base distal of the tapered prongs.

18. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 wherein said base is attached to said head.

19. A tissue anchor according to claim 1 wherein said locking member includes a front surface disposed at an acute angle with respect to said aperture and said free face is defined by an edge surface disposed at an acute angle with respect to said front surface.

20. And be resistant to movement in a second direction out of plane of the aperture, the locking element having a first face facing the first direction and a second face facing the second direction, the locking element including a set of teeth arranged to engage with the filamentary element when it is pulled in the second direction through the space, the set of teeth are defined by spaced slots extending from the first face to the second face, the set of teeth and flexure of the locking element permitting the filamentary element to be pulled in the first direction through the space whilst preventing the filamentary element from being pulled in the second direction through the space, wherein the free end of the locking element has a convex arcuate configuration and the space is annular.

21. The tissue anchor of claim 20 wherein said locking element is integral with said base.

22. The tissue anchor of claim 20 wherein said locking element is attached to and integral with said first side.