Rotor for a permanent magnet electric machine
A rotor for a permanent magnet electric motor includes a rotor core having a generally cylindrical shape with an outer circumferential surface and a rotational axis and a plurality of magnet insertion hole arrangements formed in the rotor core and arranged circumferentially at a preset angular interval about the rotational axis. Each hole arrangement has a radially inward side, a radially outward side, and two ends that are respectively spaced apart from the circumferential surface by respective bridge regions formed by the rotor core. The material of the bridge regions is metallurgically transformed by having its grain structure changed, e.g., by heating the material to at least its Curie temperature, whereby the material possesses greater magnetic reluctance than the material of adjacent portions of the rotor core.
1. A permanent magnet rotor, comprising:
a rotor core having a generally cylindrical shape with an outer circumferential surface and a rotational axis, the rotor core being entirely formed of a magnetic material; and
a plurality of permanent magnets formed in the rotor core and arranged circumferentially at preset angular intervals about the circumferential surface, each of the permanent magnets extending in a direction parallel to the rotational axis and having a center portion, a radially inward side, a radially outward side, and two outer ends that are respectively spaced apart from the circumferential surface by respective bridge regions formed in the rotor core;
wherein the outer ends are arranged closer to the circumferential surface than the center portion, and each of the permanent magnets defines a respective intermediate portion in the rotor core that is bounded by the radially outward side of the permanent magnet, the bridge regions at each of the outer ends, and the circumferential surface of the rotor core, such that the intermediate portions are isolated from a remainder of the rotor core by their respective permanent magnets and the respective bridge regions;
wherein the material of the bridge regions is metallurgically transformed to possess greater magnetic reluctance than the material of the intermediate portions of the rotor core to reduce magnetic flux leakage from the intermediate portions through the bridge regions and cause the intermediate portions to have an increased magnetic flux density relative to a magnetic flux density of the bridge regions.
2. The rotor according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of magnet insertion hole arrangements formed in the rotor core.
3. The rotor according to claim 2 , wherein each hole arrangement comprises a single hole, and
at least one of the permanent magnets is situated in each hole.
4. The rotor according to claim 3 , wherein a plurality of the permanent magnets is situated in each hole.
5. The rotor according to claim 2 , wherein each hole arrangement is of generally concave cross-sectional shape relative to the circumferential surface.
6. The rotor according to claim 2 , wherein each hole arrangement is flat.
7. The rotor according to claim 1 , wherein the material of the bridge regions is metallurgically transformed by localized application of at least one of heat, quenching, controlled cooling and deformation to the material of the bridge regions by an energy source external to the permanent magnet motor to change the grain structure of the material of the bridge regions relative to the material of the remainder of the rotor core.
8. A method of making a permanent magnet rotor, comprising the steps of:
providing a rotor core having a generally cylindrical shape with an outer circumferential surface and a rotational axis, the rotor core being entirely formed of a magnetic material;
providing a plurality of permanent magnets formed in the rotor core and arranged circumferentially at preset angular intervals about the circumferential surface, each of the permanent magnets extending in a direction parallel to the rotational axis and having a center portion, a radially inward side, a radially outward side, and two ends that are respectively spaced apart from the circumferential surface by respective bridge regions formed in the rotor core, the outer ends being arranged closer to the circumferential surface than the center portion, and each of the permanent magnets defining a respective intermediate portion in the rotor core that is bounded by the radially outward side of the permanent magnet, the bridge regions at each of the outer ends, and the circumferential surface of the rotor core, such that the intermediate portions are isolated from a remainder of the rotor core by their respective permanent magnets and the respective bridge regions; and
metallurgically transforming the material of the bridge regions to endow such material with greater magnetic reluctance than the material of the intermediate portions of the rotor core to reduce magnetic flux leakage from the intermediate portions through the bridge regions and cause the intermediate portions to have an increased magnetic flux density relative to a magnetic flux density of the bridge regions.
9. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metallurgical transforming step comprises changing the grain structure of the material of the bridge regions.
10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the metallurgical transforming step comprises subjecting the material of the bridge regions to heat treatment.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the heat treatment comprises heating the material of the bridge regions to at least the Curie temperature of the material.
12. The method according to claim 11 , wherein the heating is performed by laser-heating.
13. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the metallurgical transforming step comprises cold working the material of the bridge regions.
14. The method according to claim 8 , wherein the material of the bridge regions is metallurgically transformed by localized application of at least one of heat, quenching, controlled cooling and deformation to the material of the bridge regions by energy source external to the permanent magnet motor to change the grain structure of the material of the bridge regions relative to the material of the remainder of the rotor core.
15. A permanent magnet electric machine, comprising:
a stator;
a rotor core mounted in the stator and having a generally cylindrical shape with an outer circumferential surface and a rotational axis, the rotor core being entirely formed of a magnetic material;
a plurality of permanent magnets formed in the rotor core and arranged circumferentially at preset angular intervals about the circumferential surface, each of the permanent magnets extending in a direction parallel to the rotational axis and having a center portion, a radially inward side, a radially outward side, and two outer ends that are respectively spaced apart from the circumferential surface by respective bridge regions formed in the rotor core; and
wherein the outer ends are arranged closer to the circumferential surface than the center portion, and each of the permanent magnets defines a respective intermediate portion in the rotor core that is bounded by the radially outward side of the permanent magnet, the bridge regions at each of the outer ends, and the circumferential surface of the rotor core, such that the intermediate portions are isolated from a remainder of the rotor core by their respective permanent magnets and the respective bridge regions;
wherein the material of the bridge regions is metallurgically transformed to possess greater magnetic reluctance than the material of the intermediate portions of the rotor core by to reduce magnetic flux leakage from the intermediate portions through the bridge regions and cause the intermediate portions to have an increased magnetic flux density relative to a magnetic flux density of the bridge regions.
16. The machine according to claim 15 , wherein the material of the bridge regions is metallurgically transformed by localized application of at least one of heat, quenching, controlled cooling and deformation to the material of the bridge regions by an energy source external to the permanent magnet electric machine to change the grain structure of the material of the bridge regions relative to the material of the remainder of the rotor core.
17. The machine according to claim 15 , further comprising:
a plurality of magnet insertion hole arrangements formed in the rotor core.
18. The machine according to claim 17 , wherein each hole arrangement comprises a single hole, and
at least one of the permanent magnets is situated in each hole.
19. The machine according to claim 18 , wherein a plurality of the permanent magnets is situated in each hole.
20. The machine according to claim 17 , wherein each hole arrangement is of generally concave cross-sectional shape relative to the circumferential surface.
21. The machine according to claim 17 , wherein each hole arrangement is flat.
22. The machine according to claim 15 , wherein the machine comprises an electric motor.
23. The machine according to claim 15 , wherein the machine comprises an electric generator.