Germinated seeds possessing increased water-soluble polyphenols and method of manufacturing
A method and apparatus for increased yields of water-soluble polyphenols from plant seeds is provided. The method includes inducing seed germination within a selected range of temperatures. The method also includes inducing germination in an atmosphere having elevated carbon oxygen concentration and/or a reduced concentration of oxygen. The method further includes exposing the seeds to light and extracting water-soluble polyphenols with an aqueous solution without adding an organic solvent such as alcohol.
1. A method for germinating plant seeds containing water-soluble polyphenols comprising:
arranging the seeds in multiple layers within a sealable container to induce an increase of carbon dioxide concentration and to induce a decrease of oxygen concentration during germination;
maintaining the seeds in an atmosphere comprising at least one of a carbon dioxide concentration of greater than 2000 ppm and an oxygen concentration of about 18 volume percent or lower; and
maintaining temperature of the plant seeds within a germinable range, wherein the temperature is maintained in the range of 20° C. to 45° C. and wherein the plant seeds are selected from the group consisting of pomegranate seeds and polygonum cuspidatum seeds thereby increasing the polyphenol content in the plant seeds;
wherein normal atmospheric air is introduced into the sealable container during germination to control the carbon dioxide concentration and the oxygen concentration;
wherein the method further comprises at least one of (i) hydrating the plant seeds by at least one of spraying and misting water and (ii) irradiating the plant seeds with light, wherein the irradiating comprises irradiation at 5000 lux or greater for at least 2 hours per day.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the hydrating comprises spraying water.
3. The method of claim 1 comprising hydrating the plant seeds before inducing germination.
4. The method of claim 1 further comprising heating the plant seeds before inducing germination.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the plant seeds are maintained in an atmosphere comprising a carbon dioxide level in the range of more than 2000 parts per million to about 50,000 parts per million during at least 60 percent of a time period for inducing germination.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the plant seeds are maintained in an atmosphere comprising an oxygen concentration in the range of about 4 volume percent to 18 volume percent during at least 60 percent of a time period for inducing germination.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising maintaining temperature in a range of 5° C. to 30° C. above the midpoint of the optimal germination temperature range of the plant seeds.
8. The method of claim 1 further comprising layering the plant seeds and adjusting the temperature by means comprising heat release from germination and temperature reduction by a water spray.
9. The method of claim 1 wherein the atmosphere comprises carbon dioxide in a concentration of from 4,000 ppm to 50,000 ppm.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein the atmosphere comprises carbon dioxide in a concentration of from 12,000 ppm to 20,000 ppm.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the seeds are pomegranate seeds.
12. A method for producing a food product, comprising:
obtaining germinated plant seeds with the method for germinating plant seeds containing water-soluble polyphenols of claim 1 ,
extracting the water-soluble polyphenols from the germinated plant seeds by using water or a water-based buffer without using any other organic solvent to provide extracted water-soluble polyphenols, and
producing a food product with the extracted water-soluble polyphenols.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the method for germinating plant seeds comprises hydrating the plant seeds before inducing germination.