Prophage element-free bacteria
The present invention provides a bacterium having a genome that is genetically engineered to be smaller than the genome of its native parent strain. A bacterium with a smaller genome can produce a commercial product more efficiently. The present invention also provides methods for deleting genes and other DNA sequences from a bacterial genome. The methods provide precise deletions and seldom introduces mutations to the genomic DNA sequences around the deletion sites. Thus, the methods can be used to generate a series of deletions in a bacterium without increasing the possibility of undesired homologous recombination within the genome. In addition, some of the methods provided by the present invention can also be used for replacing a region of a bacterial genome with a desired DNA sequence.
1. A non-naturally occurring Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) bacterium having a genome between 4.41 Mb and 2.78 Mb and lacking CP4-6, DLP12, λ*B, RybB*B, e14, Rac, Qin, CP4-44, PR-X, KpLE1, CPZ-55, CP4-57, PheV*B, SelC*B, and KpLE2 prophage elements.
2. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium additionally lacks all IS1, IS2, IS3, IS5, IS150 and IS186 insertion sequences.
3. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the parent strain of said bacterium is a K12 or B strain.
4. The bacterium of claim 3 , wherein the parent strain of said bacterium is K12 strain MG1655.
5. The bacterium of claim 3 , wherein the parent strain of said bacterium is B strain BL21(DE3).
6. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the bacterium comprises a vector.
7. The bacterium of claim 6 , wherein the vector comprises a nucleic acid encoding a polypeptide and wherein the nucleic acid is operatively linked to an expression control sequence.
8. The bacterium of claim 7 , wherein the vector is a plasmid.
9. A method of producing a polypeptide comprising culturing a bacterium according to claim 7 under suitable conditions to allow expression of the polypeptide and collecting the polypeptide.
10. The bacterium of claim 4 , wherein the genome of the bacterium is lacking at least the nucleic sequences set forth in Table 1.
11. The bacterium of claim 1 , wherein the chromosome of the bacterium does not comprise scars.