Esters of capsaicin for treating pain
The present invention relates to the formulations of ester derivatives of capsaicin and ester derivatives of myristoleic acid. These derivatives are capable of reverting to the active parent compound following enzymatic or chemical hydrolysis. These derivatives have a higher lipophilicity, lipid solubility and less irritation to the skin than the parent compound, and hence are better able to be incorporated into certain pharmaceutical formulations, including cream and ointment pharmaceutical formulations. The pharmaceutical compositions are useful for pain management in mammals in vivo and have been contemplated to be used in the treatment of various pains in humans.
1. A method of treating pain in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) a compound of formula (Ia):
wherein R 1 is selected from the group consisting of
(CH 2 ) 4 (CH) 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (capsaicin ester);
(CH 2 ) 5 (CH) 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (homocapsaicin ester);
(CH 2 ) 5 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (nordihydrocapsaicin ester);
(CH 2 ) 6 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (dihydrocapsaicin ester);
(CH 2 ) 7 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (homodihydrocapsaicin ester);
(CH 2 ) 6 CH 3 (n-vanillyloctanamide ester);
(CH 2 ) 7 CH 3 (nonivamide ester);
(CH 2 ) 8 CH 3 (n-vanillyldecanamide ester); and
(CH 2 ) 4 (CH) 2 CH(CH 3 ) 2 (civamide ester); and
(b) an ester of myristoleic acid of formula (Ib):
wherein R of formula (Ia) and (Ib) are independently selected from alkyl groups of up to 18 carbon atoms and aryl groups of up to 18 carbon atoms and alkylene group of up to 18 carbon atoms and an arylene group of up to 18 carbon atoms, wherein the alkyl, aryl and alkylene groups may be substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chains, wherein R may contain heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, N, Cl, F, Br, I and S and may be straight chained or branched.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition is an oral or topical formulation.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the topical formulation is a cream, lotion, spray, wipe, or drop formulation.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more additional pharmaceutical agents.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the one or more additional pharmaceutical agents is selected from the group consisting of fungicidal or fungistatic agents, bacteriocidal or bacteriostatic agents, viricidal or viristatic agents, cytotoxic agents, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, NMDA antagonists, COX inhibitors, steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, opiate pain relieving agents, tramadol, and μ-opiate receptor agonists and antagonists.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition further comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the excipients include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable antioxidants.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the antioxidant is ascorbic acid, sodium ascorbate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfate, curcumin, curcumin derivatives, ursolic acid, resveratrol, resveratrol derivatives, alpha-lipoic acid or monothioglycerol.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the excipients include one or more pharmaceutically acceptable preservatives and/or buffering agents.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the buffering agent is monobasic and dibasic sodium phosphate, sodium benzoate, potassium benzoate, sodium citrate, sodium acetate or sodium tartrate.
11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the preservative is methylparaben, methylparaben sodium, propylparaben, propylparaben sodium, benzalkonium chloride or benzthonium chloride.
12. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises one or more pharmaceutically acceptable polysaccharides.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the polysaccharide is selected from the group consisting of dextran sulfate, pectin, modified pectin, insoluble 1,3-β-D glucan, micronized 1,3-β-D glucan, soluble 1,3-β-D glucan, phosphorylated 1,3-β-D glucan, aminated 1,3-β-D glucan and carboxymethylated 1,3-β-D glucan, sulfated 1,3-β-D glucan, insoluble 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, micronized 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, soluble 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, phosphorylated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan, aminated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan and carboxymethylated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan or sulfated 1,3/1,6-β-D glucan.
14. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an amount selected from the group consisting of from 0.025% to 20% by weight of the ester(s) of capsaicin; from 0.05% to 20% by weight of the ester(s) of capsaicin; and from 0.05% to 10% by weight of the ester(s) of capsaicin.
15. The method of claim 2 , wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an amount selected from the group consisting of from 0.025% to 99% by weight of the ester(s) of myristoleic acid; from 1% to 99% by weight of the ester(s) of myristoleic acid; and from 4% to 99% by weight of the ester(s) of myristoleic acid.
16. The method of claim 2 , wherein the composition is administered orally, nasally, topically, rectally or vaginally.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pain is caused by a disease selected from the group consisting of post-herpetic neuralgia, shingles (herpes zoster), diabetic neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, temperomandibular joint disorders, pruritus, cluster headache, osteoarthritis, rhinopathy, oral mucositis, cutaneous allergy, detrusor hyperreflexia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the pain is selected from the group consisting of postmastectomy pain syndrome, oral neuropathic pain, arthritis pain, loin pain/hematuria syndrome, neck pain, amputation stump pain and pain due to skin tumor.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound of part (a) is capsaicin palmitate.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the myristoleic acid ester of part (b) is cetyl myristoleate.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the composition is formulated for topical administration.
22. The method of claim 21 , wherein the composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient selected from the group consisting of Hallbrite BHB, carbopol ultrez10, eugenyl acetate, eugenyl acetate, TWEEN 80, xanthum gum, lavender oil, triethanolamine, disodium edentate, methyl paraben sodium, propyl paraben sodium, potassium sorbate and combinations thereof.