Methods and apparatus for pasadena hyperpolarization
The present subject matter relates to methods and apparatus for using hyperpolarization to improve imaging. Am exemplary embodiment, a PASADENA polarizer, is capable of delivering 2.5-5 ml of highly hyperpolarized biological 13 C and 15 N imaging reagents in less than one minute, and capable of repeated delivery every 5-8 minutes. Exemplary quality control sequences are also provided to create versatile methods, systems, and apparatuses for a variety of biomolecules, capable of undergoing reaction with parahydrogen necessary for effective PASADENA. The subject matter simplifies the technology for routine liquid state generation of hyperpolarized molecules for 13 C and 15 N subsecond imaging and spectroscopy in vivo and further advance the clinical application of this technology. Methods and systems for providing magnetic shielding are also provided.
1. An apparatus for hyperpolarization, comprising:
a reaction chamber for hyperpolarization;
a transmitter device for transmission of radio frequency (R.F.) pulses into the reaction chamber;
a static magnetic field generator for generating a static magnetic field surrounding the reaction chamber; and
a plurality of valves employed for fluid and/or gas flow and delivery to and from the reaction chamber;
wherein an image reagent solution is introduced, via one of the valves in the plurality, into and hyperpolarized within the reaction chamber.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a power source for supplying power to the transmitter device and the static magnetic field generator.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising:
a central processor, wherein the central processor controls said plurality of valves employed for fluid flow and delivery of an image reagent solution to and from the reaction chamber for hyperpolarization.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an image reagent solution source in communication with the reaction chamber for supplying the image reagent solution.
5. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a parahydrogen generator in communication with the reaction chamber for generating and delivering parahydrogen.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a nitrogen source in communication with the reaction chamber for supplying nitrogen.
7. The apparatus of claim 2 , further comprising a Hall sensor for monitoring the strength and stability of the power source.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the Hall sensor is located between the transmitter device and the reaction chamber.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each valve in the plurality is composed of a material independently selected from a group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene, perfluoroalkoxy polymer resin, fluorinated ethylene-propylene, fluoropolymer, fluorocarbon, polysulfone, and combinations thereof.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the valves in the plurality are electromagnetic solenoid valves, pinch valves, or combinations thereof.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein application of the transmitter device and static magnetic field generator in conjunction with the handling of the image reagent solution is controlled by a central processor.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising a synthesizer in communication with the transmitter device for facilitating radio frequency pulse transmission.