Medical apparatus

1. A medical apparatus, comprising:

at least one transport element configured to transport at least one fluid, said transport element being configured to be connected to a patient;

a grounding device connected to the transport element;

a selector designed to vary the effectiveness of the grounding device as a function of a leakage electrical current in at least one of the transport element and the patient wherein the selector comprises a first impedance and a second impedance having different values, the selector being effective to selectively connect a grounding line to the first impedance or the second impedance;

a sensor connected to the selector and effective to emit a signal indicative of a leakage electrical current in at least one of the transport element and the patient; and

a circuit configured to operate the selector as a function of the signal emitted by the sensor, wherein the circuit comprises:

a comparator configured to verify whether the signal emitted by the sensor indicates that the leakage electrical current is greater than a threshold value, and

an operator configured to operate the selector such as that when said signal indicates that the leakage electrical current is less than the threshold value, the selector assumes a first configuration in which the connection between the medical apparatus and the ground has a first impedance value, while when said signal indicates that the leakage electrical current is greater than the threshold value, the selector assumes a second configuration in which the connection between the medical apparatus and the ground has a second impedance value which is greater than the first.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transport element comprises:

a membrane device for extracorporeal blood treatment, the membrane device comprising a blood chamber, a fluid chamber, and a semipermeable membrane separating the blood chamber from the fluid chamber;

a blood circuit connected to the blood chamber and designed to be connected to a patient; and

a fluid circuit connected to the fluid chamber;

the grounding device being connected to at least one of the membrane device, the blood circuit, and the fluid circuit.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the fluid circuit comprises a discharge line designed to discharge used fluid from the fluid chamber.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the discharge line.

5. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the fluid circuit comprises a supply line designed to supply fresh fluid to the fluid chamber.

6. The apparatus of claim 5 , wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the supply line.

7. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the blood circuit comprises a withdrawal line designed to transfer blood to be treated from the patient to the blood chamber.

8. The apparatus of claim 7 , wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the withdrawal line.

9. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the blood circuit comprises a return line designed to transfer treated blood from the blood chamber to the patient.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the return line.

11. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the grounding device comprises a grounding line having an apparatus end and a ground end, the apparatus end being engaged to at least one of the membrane device, the blood line, and the fluid line.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the grounding device comprises an electrically conductive part inserted into a flow path of the transport element.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the grounding device comprises a grounding line having an apparatus end and a ground end, the apparatus end being connected to the transport element.

14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the apparatus end comprises an electrically conductive tubular part inserted into a flow path of the transport element.

15. The apparatus of claim 1 , configured to perform one or more of the following treatments: hemodialysis, hemofiltration, hemodiafiltration, pure ultrafiltration, hemoperfusion, therapeutic plasma exchange, hepatic failure treatment.

16. A medical apparatus, comprising:

at least one transport element configured to transport at least one fluid, said transport element being configured to be connected to a patient;

a grounding device connected to the transport element;

a selector designed to vary the effectiveness of the grounding device as a function of a leakage electrical current in at least one of the transport element and the patient;

a sensor connected to the selector and effective to emit a signal indicative of a leakage electrical current in at least one of the transport element and the patient;

a processor configured to operate the selector as a function of the signal emitted by the sensor, wherein the processor is configured to perform the following steps:

storing a predetermined threshold value in order to discriminate between a risk situation and safety for a patient;

receiving the signal emitted by the sensor;

comparing the signal measured by the sensor with the threshold value stored in the memory;

operating the selector so that the grounding device selectively assumes a configuration of greater ground-insulation if the comparing reveals that the patient is in a risk situation, or a configuration of lesser ground-insulation if the controls reveal that the patient is in a safety situation.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the transport element comprises:

a membrane device for extracorporeal blood treatment, the membrane device comprising a blood chamber, a fluid chamber, and a semipermeable membrane separating the blood chamber from the fluid chamber;

a blood circuit connected to the blood chamber and designed to be connected to a patient; and

a fluid circuit connected to the fluid chamber;

the grounding device being connected to at least one of the membrane device, the blood circuit, and the fluid circuit.

18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the fluid circuit comprises a discharge line designed to discharge used fluid from the fluid chamber and wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the discharge line.

19. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the fluid circuit comprises a supply line designed to supply fresh fluid to the fluid chamber and wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the supply line.

20. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the blood circuit comprises a withdrawal line designed to transfer blood to be treated from the patient to the blood chamber and wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the withdrawal line.

21. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the blood circuit comprises a return line designed to transfer treated blood from the blood chamber to the patient and wherein the grounding device has an apparatus end connected to the return line.

22. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the grounding device comprises a grounding line having an apparatus end and a ground end, the apparatus end being engaged to at least one of the membrane device, the blood line, and the fluid line.

23. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the grounding device comprises an electrically conductive part inserted into a flow path of the transport element.

24. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the grounding device comprises a grounding line having an apparatus end and a ground end, the apparatus end being connected to the transport element and wherein the apparatus end comprises an electrically conductive tubular part inserted into a flow path of the transport element.

25. The apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the selector comprises a first impedance and a second impedance having different values, the selector being effective to selectively connect a grounding line to the first impedance or the second impedance.