Quaternized terpolymer
Quaternized terpolymer formed from (A) ethylene, (B) C 2 -C 14 -alkenyl esters of one or more aliphatic C 1 -C 20 -monocarboxylic acids or C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and (Cq) ethylenically unsaturated monomers which comprise at least one tertiary nitrogen atom which is partly or fully in quaternized form. The quaternized terpolymer is suitable as a fuel additive for reducing or preventing deposits, for reducing fuel consumption and for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines, especially in diesel engines with common-rail injection systems.
1. A fuel comprising 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of a quaternized terpolymer formed from
(A) 70 to 98.9 mol % of ethylene,
(B) 1 to 15 mol % of (i) a C 2 -C 14 -alkenyl ester of one or more aliphatic C 1 -C 20 -monocarboxylic acids or of (ii) one or more C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and
(Cq) 0.1 to 15 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which comprises at least one tertiary nitrogen atom which is partly or fully in quaternized form,
where all monomer components together add up to 100 mol %; and
at least one fuel selected from the group consisting of a gasoline fuel, a middle distillate fuel and a diesel fuel.
2. The fuel according to claim 1 wherein said quaternized terpolymer is obtainable from a terpolymer formed from
(A) 70 to 98.9 mol % of ethylene,
(B) 1 to 15 mol % of (i) a C 2 -C 14 -alkenyl ester of one or more aliphatic C 1 -C 20 -monocarboxylic acids or of (ii) one or more C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and
(C) 0.1 to 15 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which comprises at least one quaternizable tertiary nitrogen atom which,
where all monomer components together add up to 100 mol %,
by partial or full quaternization, which follows the polymerization of components (A), (B) and (C), of the at least one tertiary nitrogen atom in component (C) with at least one quaternizing agent.
3. The fuel according to claim 1 wherein said quaternized terpolymer is formed from
(A) 76 to 96 mol % of ethylene,
(B) 3 to 12 mol % of component (B) and
(Cq) 1 to 12 mol % of component (Cq).
4. The fuel according to claim 1 wherein said quaternized terpolymer comprises, as component (B), vinyl acetate.
5. The fuel according to claim 1 wherein said quaternized terpolymer comprises, as component (Cq), at least one partly or fully quaternized ethylenically unsaturated monomer from the group of 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)ethyl acrylates, 2-(N,N-dialkylamino)ethyl methacrylates, N-[3-(N′,N′-dialkylamino)propyl]acrylamides, N-[3-(N′,N′-dialkylamino)propyl]methacrylamides, N-alkyl-N′-vinylpiperazines, N-vinylimidazole, vinylpyridines and the esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid with N-(β-hydroxyethyl)imidazole, N-alkyl-N′-(β-hydroxyethyl)piperazines, (β-hydroxyethyl)-pyridines and hydroxypyridines.
6. The fuel according to claim 1 wherein quaternization is effected with at least one quaternizing agent selected from epoxides, dialkyl sulfates, dialkyl sulfites, alkyl halides, arylalkyl halides, alkyl carboxylates and dialkyl carbonates.
7. The fuel according to claim 1 wherein said quaternized terpolymer has a number-average molecular weight in the range from 1000 to 20000.
8. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said fuel is a gasoline fuel.
9. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said fuel is a middle distillate fuel.
10. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said fuel is a diesel fuel.
11. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said quaternized terpolymer is partially quaternized.
12. The fuel according to claim 1 , wherein said quaternized terpolymer is fully quaternized.
13. A method for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines comprising combusting a fuel comprising 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of a quaternized terpolymer formed from
(A) 70 to 98.9 mol % of ethylene,
(B) 1 to 15 mol % of (i) a C 2 -C 14 -alkenyl ester of one or more aliphatic C 1 -C 20 -monocarboxylic acids or of (ii) one or more C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and
(Cq) 0.1 to 15 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which comprises at least one tertiary nitrogen atom which is partly or fully in quaternized form,
where all monomer components together add up to 100 mol % in a direct-injection diesel engine.
14. The method for reducing or preventing deposits in the injection systems of direct-injection diesel engines according to claim 13 , wherein said diesel engine comprises a common-rail injection system.
15. A method for reducing the fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines comprising combusting a fuel comprising 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of a quaternized terpolymer formed from
(A) 70 to 98.9 mol % of ethylene,
(B) 1 to 15 mol % of (i) a C 2 -C 14 -alkenyl ester of one or more aliphatic C 1 -C 20 -monocarboxylic acids or of (ii) one or more C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and
(Cq) 0.1 to 15 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which comprises at least one tertiary nitrogen atom which is partly or fully in quaternized form,
where all monomer components together add up to 100 mol % in a direct-injection diesel engine.
16. The method for reducing fuel consumption of direct-injection diesel engines according to claim 15 , wherein said diesel engine comprises a common-rail injection system.
17. A method for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines comprising combusting a fuel comprising 10 to 5000 ppm by weight of a quaternized terpolymer formed from
(A) 70 to 98.9 mol % of ethylene,
(B) 1 to 15 mol % of (i) a C 2 -C 14 -alkenyl ester of one or more aliphatic C 1 -C 20 -monocarboxylic acids or of (ii) one or more C 1 -C 24 -alkyl esters of acrylic acid or of methacrylic acid and
(Cq) 0.1 to 15 mol % of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer which comprises at least one tertiary nitrogen atom which is partly or fully in quaternized form,
where all monomer components together add up to 100 mol % in a direct-injection diesel engine.
18. The method for minimizing power loss in direct-injection diesel engines according to claim 17 , wherein said diesel engine comprises a common-rail injection system.