Metallurgically bonded stainless steel
A steel wire having a stainless steel exterior; the steel wire includes a core region that comprises at least 55 wt. % iron which is metallurgically bonded to a stainless steel coating that consists of a stainless steel region and a bonding region. The stainless steel region can have a thickness of about 1 μm to about 250 μm, and a stainless steel composition that is approximately consistent across the thickness of the stainless steel region. The stainless steel composition includes an admixture of iron and about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % chromium. The bonding region is positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, has a thickness that is greater than 1 μm and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and has a bonding composition. The bonding composition includes an admixture of iron and chromium, with a chromium concentration proximal to the stainless steel region that is approximately equal to the chromium concentration of the stainless steel region and has a chromium concentration proximal to the core region that has less than about 5 wt. % chromium.
1. A steel wire having a stainless steel exterior, the steel wire comprising:
a core region, a bonding region and a stainless steel region;
the core region metallurgically bonded to the stainless steel region by the bonding region; the core region comprising at least 55 wt. % iron;
the stainless steel region having a thickness of about 5 μm to about 250 μm, having a stainless steel composition, and including the stainless steel exterior, the stainless steel composition comprising an admixture of iron and chromium, and the stainless steel composition comprising a chromium concentration of about 10 wt. % to about 30 wt. % that varies by less than 5 wt. %; and
the bonding region positioned between the stainless steel region and the core region, having a thickness that is greater than 5 μm and less than the thickness of the stainless steel region, and having a bonding composition,
the bonding region further having a chromium concentration gradient that decreases from a chromium concentration, proximal to the stainless steel region, that is approximately equal to the chromium concentration of the stainless steel region, to a chromium concentration, proximal to the core region, that is approximately equal to the chromium concentration of the core region.
2. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the core region is substantially free of chromium.
3. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the core region is a carbon steel having a carbon concentration of less than about 0.5 wt. %.
4. The steel wire of claim 3 , wherein the core region is a carbon steel having a carbon concentration of less than about 0.25 wt. %.
5. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel region has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 100 μm.
6. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the bonding region has a thickness of about 5 μm to about 100 μm.
7. The steel wire of claim 6 , wherein the bonding region has a thickness of about 10 μm to about 50 μm.
8. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel composition consists of an admixture of iron, chromium, and a transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, tungsten, copper, and a mixture thereof.
9. The steel wire of claim 8 , wherein the stainless steel composition consists essentially of an admixture of iron, chromium, and nickel; wherein the stainless steel composition comprises a nickel concentration of about 5 wt. % to about 20 wt. %; and wherein the bonding composition consists essentially of iron, chromium and nickel.
10. The steel wire of claim 9 , wherein the stainless steel composition comprises a chromium concentration of about 16 wt. % to about 25 wt. % and nickel concentration of about 6 wt. % to about 14 wt. %.
11. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the stainless steel composition comprises a chromium concentration of about 10.5 wt. % to about 18 wt. %.
12. The steel wire of claim 11 , wherein the stainless steel composition consists essentially of iron and chromium; and wherein the bonding composition consists essentially of iron and chromium.
13. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the steel wire has a nominal diameter selected from the group consisting of about 1 mm, about 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 4 mm, about 5 mm, about 6 mm, about 8 mm, about 9 mm, about 10 mm, about 12 mm, about 14 mm, about 15 mm, about 16 mm, about 19 mm, about 20 mm, about 22 mm, about 25 mm, about 28 mm, about 32 mm, about 35 mm, about 40 mm, about 43 mm, about 50 mm, about 57 mm, and about 59 mm.
14. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the steel wire has a cross-sectional area selected from the group consisting of about 100 mm 2 , about 200 mm 2 , about 300 mm 2 , about 500 mm 2 , about 700 mm 2 , about 1000 mm 2 , about 1500 mm 2 , and about 2500 mm 2 .
15. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the steel wire is rebar.
16. The steel wire of claim 1 , wherein the bonding composition comprises an admixture of iron, chromium, and, optionally, a transition metal selected from the group consisting of nickel, molybdenum, titanium, niobium, tantalum, vanadium, tungsten, copper, and a mixture thereof.