Methods and systems for modulating hormones and related methods, agents and compositions

1. A method for modulating release of a bitter taste receptor mediated metabolic hormone in an individual, the method comprising:

administering to the individual one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands selected from the group consisting of 6-n-propylthiouracil, phenylthiocarbamide, denatonium benzoate, Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt, Epigallocatechin gallate, Hyperforin, Berberine chloride, Coptisine Chloride, Allyl methyl sulfide, Rottlerin, Curcumin, Ellagic acid, Embelin and/or a derivative thereof, wherein the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands are conjugated with a complementary molecule and are configured for interfering with systemic absorption and release of the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands, in an effective amount to allow binding of the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands to the one or more GI bitter taste receptors in the individual, the binding resulting in modulating release of the bitter taste receptor-mediated metabolic hormone, wherein the metabolic hormone is GLP-1, PYY and/or CCK, wherein the administering is performed by enteral administration.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands is selected from the group consisting of 6-n-propylthiouracil, phenylthiocarbamide, denatonium benzoate, Glycyrrhizic acid ammonium salt, Epigallocatechin gallate,Hyperforin, Berberine chloride, Coptisine Chloride, Allyl methyl sulfide, Rottlerin, Curcumin, Ellagic acid, and Embelin and/or and an agonist derivative thereof and the binding results in increasing release of GLP-1, PYY and/or CCK.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands is selected from the group consisting of denatonium benzoate and an agonist derivative thereof and the binding results in increasing release of CCK.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the complementary molecule is cellulose, polyethylene glycol, monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, amino acids, and/or peptides.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering of the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands is performed in a composition formulated to minimize systemic absorption of the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands across GI epithelium.

6. A method for activating a target bitter taste receptor in an individual, the method comprising:

administering to the individual an effective amount of one or more bitter tastant ligands that are conjugated with a complementary molecule, wherein the complementary molecule is configured for interfering with systemic absorption and release of the bitter tastant receptor ligand, wherein the administering is performed by enteral administration.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binding resulting in modulating release of metabolic hormone GLP-1, PYY and/or CCK is effective for treatment of a metabolic condition, the condition being obesity and/or diabetes.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GI bitter taste receptor ligand is 6-n-propylthiouracil.

9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the administering of the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands is performed in a composition formulated to minimize systemic absorption of the one or more GI bitter taste receptor ligands and/or to deliver the bitter tastant specifically to the vicinity of or directly to an L-cell of the small or large intestine.

10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the one or more bitter tastant ligands are selected from the group consisting of Epigallocatechin gallate, Hyperforin, Berberine chloride, Coptisin, Rottlerin, Curcumin, Ellagic acid, Embelin and derivative thereof.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the enteral administration is oral administration.

12. The method of claim 6 , wherein the enteral administration is oral administration.