Ultrasonic temperature measurement device
An ultrasonic thermometer for measuring a temperature profile along a measurement axis of a solid structure, comprising a continuous measurement pathway of a solid structure ( 310 ) having a longitudinal measurement axis and proximal ( 202 ) and distal ends ( 204 ), and at least two backscatterers ( 332 ) formed therein transverse to the longitudinal axis and separated by a predetermined separation distance.
1. An ultrasonic thermometer for measuring a temperature profile along a measurement axis of a solid structure, comprising:
a continuous measurement pathway of a solid structure having a longitudinal measurement axis and proximal and distal ends;
at least two backscatterers formed in the continuous measurement pathway transverse to the longitudinal axis and separated by a predetermined separation distance;
an ultrasonic emitter positioned at the proximal end for transmitting at least one ultrasonic pulse along the measurement pathway to produce pulse echoes from the at least two backscatterers; and
a processing device adapted to determine at least one time interval between the pulse echoes and calculate an average temperature between the at least two backscatterers from the at least one time interval, and calculate a temperature distribution between the at least two backscatterers from the average temperature.
2. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein the backscatterers are ultrasonic reflectors embedded across a cross-section of the continuous measurement pathway selected from the group consisting of dispersed metallic particles, dispersed ceramic particles, a metallic grating, a ceramic grating, changes in material composition, changes in material density, a void, and combinations thereof.
3. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined separation distance between each of the at least two backscatterers ranges from less than or about two millimeters to about two centimeters.
4. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein at least two predetermined separation distances between at least three backscatterers are different.
5. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein the continuous measurement pathway comprises at least one material having a thermal conductivity of less than or about 0.5 W/m·K.
6. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein the continuous measurement pathway comprises a refractory wall of a heated vessel, with the proximal end being a cold side and the distal end being a hot side, to measure a temperature profile across a thickness of the refractory wall.
7. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein the temperature distribution is calculated by iteratively solving
T ave (t)=∫ r h r c T(t,r)dr
where T ave (t) is the average temperature at time t, r h is a radial position of the backscatterer closer to a hot surface, r c is a radial position of the backscatterer closer to a cold surface, and T(t,r) is the temperature distribution defined by
ρ
C
∂
T
∂
t
=
k
1
r
∂
∂
r
(
r
∂
∂
r
)
T
(
5
)
where ρis a density of the solid structure, C is a heat capacity of the solid structure, and k is a thermal conductivity of the solid structure.
8. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein the continuous measurement pathway comprises an elongated body conforming to a surface of the solid structure to measure a temperature profile across of the surface.
9. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 8 , wherein the elongated body is flexible a member having a non-circular cross-sectional profile.
10. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , wherein the continuous measurement pathway comprises an elongated insert configured to be positioned through a thickness of a refractory wall of a heated vessel, with the proximal end being a cold side and the distal end being a hot side, to measure a temperature profile across a thickness of the refractory wall.
11. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 10 , wherein the elongated insert comprises a material substantially similar to a material of the refractory wall.
12. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 11 , wherein the backscatterers are physical discontinuities in a surface of the elongated insert selected from the group consisting of machined collars, cast collars, machined notches, cast notches, and combinations thereof.
13. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 1 , further comprising:
an ultrasonic receiver adjacent the ultrasonic emitter for receiving the pulse echoes;
wherein the processing device comprises:
a timer module configured to determine at least one first time interval between the pulse echoes;
a first calculator module for using the at least one first time interval to determine the instantaneous average temperature of the structure between the at least two backscatterers; and
an output device configured to output the instantaneous average temperature between the at least two backscatterers.
14. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 13 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic pulse has a frequency greater than or about 100 kilohertz.
15. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 13 , wherein the at least one ultrasonic pulse has a frequency greater than or about 1 megahertz.
16. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 13 , wherein the ultrasonic emitter and the ultrasonic receiver are formed together on a MEMS chip.
17. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 13 , further comprising:
the timer module being configured to determine a second time interval for a pulse echo from the distal end of the measurement pathway;
a second calculator module for using the second time interval and a distribution of the instantaneous average temperatures of the structure to determine an instantaneous distance of the measurement pathway; and
the output device configured to output the instantaneous distance of the measurement pathway.
18. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 13 , wherein the ultrasonic emitter and the ultrasonic receiver is the same device.
19. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 18 , wherein the continuous measurement pathway comprises an elongated insert having a diameter ranging from less than or about 1 mm to about 5 cm.
20. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 13 , wherein the ultrasonic emitter and the ultrasonic receiver are placed on the opposite sides of the ultrasound propagation path.
21. The ultrasonic thermometer of claim 20 , wherein ultrasonic emitter and the ultrasonic receiver are separated by a lateral distance at the proximal end of the continuous pathway to emit pulses and receive pulse echoes from at least two backscatterers at an acute angle.