Steel piston with cooling gallery and method of construction thereof
A piston and method of construction is provided. The piston includes a top part fixed to a bottom part. The top part has an uppermost surface with annular inner and outer upper joining surfaces depending therefrom. The bottom part has a pair of pin bosses with pin bores aligned with one another along a pin bore axis; a pair of upwardly extending annular inner and outer lower joining surfaces and a combustion bowl wall. Inner and outer weld joints fix the inner and outer upper and lower joining surfaces to one another. An annular cooling gallery is formed laterally between the upper and lower joining surfaces. The inner weld joint joining the top part to the bottom part is located within the combustion bowl wall and configured to minimized the compression height of the piston.
1. A piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a top part having an uppermost surface with annular inner and outer upper joining surfaces depending from said uppermost surface;
a bottom part having a pair of pin bosses providing a pair of laterally spaced pin bores aligned with one another along a pin bore axis and having a pair of upwardly extending annular inner and outer lower joining surfaces joined by separate respective inner and outer weld joints to said inner and outer upper joining surfaces with an annular cooling gallery formed radially between said upper joining surfaces and radially between said lower joining surfaces, said bottom part having a combustion bowl wall recessed below said uppermost surface, said combustion bowl wall having an upper apex and an annular valley surrounding said upper apex and a lower apex underlying said upper apex; and
wherein said inner weld joint is substantially coplanar with said lower apex.
2. The piston of claim 1 wherein said combustion bowl wall has a uniform thickness, said thickness extending between said upper apex and said lower apex.
3. The piston of claim 1 wherein a compression height extends between said pin bore axis and said uppermost surface and said uppermost surface has an outer diameter, said compression height having a ratio to said outer diameter between about 38% to 45%.
4. The piston of claim 1 wherein said top part and said bottom part extend along a longitudinal central axis and said cooling gallery is non-concentric with said longitudinal central axis.
5. The piston of claim 4 wherein said combustion bowl wall has a symmetrically uniform thickness.
6. The piston of claim 4 wherein said cooling gallery is asymmetrical about said longitudinal central axis.
7. The piston of claim 4 wherein said cooling gallery has an oil inlet with an oil deflector cast as one piece with said bottom part, said oil deflector extending radially across said oil inlet to substantially bifurcate said oil inlet.
8. The piston of claim 7 wherein said deflector is generally triangular in shape with an apex of the deflector located adjacent the oil inlet and having opposite sides diverging upwardly into the cooling gallery.
9. The piston of claim 1 wherein said top part and said bottom part extend along a longitudinal central axis and said cooling gallery undulates relative to said longitudinal central axis.
10. The piston of claim 9 wherein said cooling gallery has a floor provided by said bottom part, said floor rising in smooth undulating fashion over said pin bores.
11. The piston of claim 1 wherein said cooling gallery has a reentrant portion extending beneath said upwardly extending inner joining surface.
12. The piston of claim 1 further comprising a pair of skirt panels configured diametrically opposite one another, each of said skirt panels having opposite sides operably joined to said pin bosses, each of said skirt panels having a continuously varying wall thickness extending between said opposite sides.
13. The piston of claim 12 wherein each of said skirt panels have central regions with a thickness about 5% less than a thickness of said skirt panels at said sides.
14. A method of constructing a piston for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
forming a top part having an uppermost surface with annular inner and outer upper joining surfaces depending from the uppermost surface;
casting a bottom part having a pair of pin bosses providing a pair of laterally spaced pin bores aligned with one another along a pin bore axis and having a pair of annular inner and outer lower joining surfaces extending upwardly from the pin bores with a combustion bowl wall recessed below the uppermost surface, the combustion bowl wall being formed having an upper apex and an annular valley surrounding the upper apex and a lower apex underlying the upper apex;
welding the top part to the bottom part by forming separate inner and outer weld joints between the respective inner and outer upper joining surfaces and forming an annular cooling gallery radially between the upper joining surfaces and radially between the lower joining surfaces; and
further including forming the inner weld joint in substantially coplanar relation with the lower apex of the combustion bowl.
15. The method of claim 14 further including forming the combustion bowl wall having a substantially uniform thickness.
16. The method of claim 14 further including forming the uppermost surface having an outer diameter and providing a compression height extending between the pin bore axis and the uppermost surface wherein the compression height has a ratio to the outer diameter between about 38% to 45%.
17. The method of claim 14 further including forming the cooling gallery in non-concentric relation with a longitudinal central axis of the piston.
18. The method of claim 17 further including forming the combustion bowl wall having a uniform thickness.
19. The method of claim 17 further including forming the cooling gallery having a circumferentially extending asymmetrical shape about the longitudinal central axis.
20. The method of claim 17 further including casting an oil inlet extending into the cooling gallery and casting an oil deflector as one piece with the bottom part extending radially across the oil inlet.
21. The method of claim 14 further including forming the cooling gallery having a floor that undulates relative to a longitudinal central axis of the piston.
22. The method of claim 21 further including forming portions of the floor rising in smooth undulating fashion over the pin bores.
23. The method of claim 14 further including forming the cooling gallery having a reentrant portion extending beneath the upwardly extending inner joining surface.
24. The method of claim 14 further including forming a pair of skirt panels diametrically opposite one another with each of the skirt panels having opposite sides extending generally parallel to a central longitudinal axis and being operably joined to the pin bosses and forming each of the skirt panels having a continuously varying wall thickness extending between the opposite sides.
25. The method of claim 24 further including forming the skirt panels having central regions between the opposite sides with the central regions having a thickness about 5% less than a thickness of the skirt panels at the opposite sides.