Substituted fused-ring compounds for inflammation and immune-related uses

1. A compound of structural formula (I):

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein:

L is a linker selected from the group consisting of —NRC(R) 2 —, —C(R) 2 NR—, —C(O)—, —NR—C(O)—, —C(O)—NR—, —C(S)—, —C(NR 8 )—, —NR—C(S)—, —C(S)—NR—, —NR—C(NR 8 )—, —C(NR 8 )—NR—, —NRC(O)NR—, —NRC(S)NR—, —NRC(NR 8 )NR—, —S(O) 2 NR—, —NRS(O) 2 —, —NRS(O) 2 NR—, —NRC(R) 2 NR—, —CR═CR—, —N═CR—, —CR═N—, —NR—N═CR—, and —CR═N—NR—;

Y is selected from the group consisting of:

R 12 is a halo, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a haloalkyl, or a lower haloalkoxy;

R 13 is H, a halo, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a haloalkyl, or a lower haloalkoxy;

R, for each occurrence, is independently H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteroaralkyl;

R 1 is an optionally substituted alkyl or an optionally substituted phenyl;

R 2 is —C(O)OR 5 , —C(O)NR 6 R 7 , or a lower alkyl which is optionally substituted with —OR 5 or —OC(O)R 5 ;

R 8 , for each occurrence, is independently —H, a halo, an alkyl, —OR 5 , —NR 6 R 7 , —C(O)R 5 , —C(O)OR 5 , or —C(O)NR 6 R 7 ;

R 5 , for each occurrence, is independently, H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteraralkyl;

R 6 and R 7 , for each occurrence are, independently, H, an optionally substituted alkyl, an optionally substituted alkenyl, an optionally substituted alkynyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl, an optionally substituted cycloalkenyl, an optionally substituted heterocyclyl, an optionally substituted aryl, an optionally substituted heteroaryl, an optionally substituted aralkyl, or an optionally substituted heteraralkyl; or R 6 and R 7 taken together with the nitrogen to which they are attached are an optionally substituted heterocyclyl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; and

wherein Ring A and Ring B are each, independently, optionally substituted with from one to three substituents independently selected from the group consisting of a halo, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a lower haloalkyl, and a lower haloalkoxy.

2. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Y is of the formula

3. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Y is of the formula

4. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Y is of the formula

5. The compound of claim 1 , wherein:

R 1 is a lower alkyl; and

R 2 is —C(O)OH, —C(O)OCH 3 , —CH 2 OH,

6. The compound of claim 1 , wherein the compound is selected from the group consisting of:

2-[6-(2,6-Difluoro-benzoylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ylidene]-propionic acid;

2-[6-(2,6-Difluoro-benzoylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ylidene]-propionic acid methyl ester;

2,6-Difluoro-N-[5-(1-methyl-2-morpholin-4-yl-2-oxo-ethylidene)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yl]-benzamide;

Acetic acid 2-[6-(2,5-difluoro-benzoylamino)-3,4-dihydro-2H-naphthalen-1-ylidene]-propyl ester;

2,6-Difluoro-N-[5-(2-hydroxy-1-methyl-ethylidene)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-naphthalen-2-yl]-benzamide; and

pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.

7. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a compound of claim 1 .

8. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is —NR—C(O)— or —C(O)—NR.

9. The compound of claim 1 , wherein L is —NR—C(R) 2 — or —C(R) 2 —NR.

10. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ring A is unsubstituted.

11. The compound of claim 1 , wherein Ring B is unsubstituted.